Tropospheric Vortices

Vortices, in a range of spatial and temporal scales, also occur in the Earth's troposphere. The most (in)famous are tropical cyclones (also known as hurricanes and typhoons) and tornadoes.

Hurricanes, Tropical Cyclones, and Typhoons
Tropical cyclones are large cyclonic vortices (60 to 1,000 miles in diameter) that forms over warm ocean waters in the tropics (hence the name!). In the Atlantic Ocean and eastern Pacific Ocean these are known as hurricanes, while in northern western Pacific they are known as Typhoons. A tropical storm becomes a hurricane when winds exceed 74 mph.
Below are some images from NASA GSFC's Remote Sensing Data website.

Hurricane Mitch (October 1998)

Hurricane Bonnie (August 1998)
Three views of Andrew on 23, 24 and 25 August 1992 as the hurricane moves East to West

Hurricane Bob which passed over Cape Cod in August 1991 (while I was there).
Multiple tropical cyclones can occur at the same time. The image below shows four hurricanes in the Atlantic in 1995.

For more information on hurricanes see the NOAA website.

Tornadoes
Tornadoes are smaller and shorter lived than hurricanes, but they are still one of nature's most violent storms. Violent tornadoes are capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of 250 mph or more, and damage paths can be in excess of one mile wide and 50 miles long.
On 2002 April 28, an F4 tornado (207-264 mph) struck southern Maryland (La Plata). A couple of images are below (more images). The La Plata tornado crossing Chesapeake Bay.
As seen from the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant

For more information on tornadoes see the NOAA website.