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WHAT CAN I DO WITH A MAJOR IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING?

Overview
Explore Career Options
Career Preparation
Hopkins Biomedical Engineering Alumni
Graduate School
Honor Societies & Professional Associations
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Overview
Biomedical engineering utilizes knowledge from traditional engineering disciplines to solve problems in living systems.1 It is an interdisciplinary field of study that combines engineering, biology and medicine to improve human health.  Biomedical engineers design and apply advanced technology to the complex problems of medical care.  They design instruments and devices, develop new procedures and carry out research in order to acquire the knowledge needed to meet the new challenges of modern medicine.2 Artificial joints, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arthroscopy, angioplasty, kidney dialysis and the heart-lung machine are all major medical advances pioneered by biomedical engineers.3

The Biomedical Engineering undergraduate program at Hopkins is world-renowned.  Its curriculum includes a set of “core knowledge” that all biomedical engineers should possess: molecular and cellular biology, linear systems, biological control systems, modeling and simulation, thermodynamic principles in biology, and engineering analysis of systems level biology and physiology.4 In addition, each student takes a sequence of advanced engineering courses within one of four focus areas: Biological Systems Engineering, Cellular/Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, Computational Biology and Imaging, and Sensors, Microsystems and Instrumentation.  The program challenges biomedical engineering majors to analyze problems from both an engineering and biological perspective.5

The department offers three degree programs to undergraduates:

  • Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Engineering, which is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), and devotes a major portion of coursework to engineering.  This degree is ideal for students who intend to work as engineers or to pursue graduate programs in engineering.6
  • Bachelor of Arts in Biomedical Engineering, which is designed for students seeking more flexibility and diversity in their coursework, and is suitable for students who want a general background in engineering but plan to continue his or her education at the graduate level in some field outside of engineering.7
  • B.S. – M.S.E. in Biomedical Engineering, which integrates the master’s degree program with the Bachelor of Science curriculum, and is typically completed in 5-6 years.  The program allows students to extend their studies into advanced areas of engineering and to gain practical experience through a laboratory research or a design project, as well as a required thesis.  Students apply for and are admitted to the B.S. – M.S.E. program during their junior year.8

Explore Career Options

According to the Department of Biomedical Engineering, most graduates work in one of three major areas: basic and applied research in an area of biomedical science, medical practice or research following graduate or medical school, or professional engineering practice in industrial settings, hospitals or biomedical institutions.9 Graduates are employed by universities, government laboratories, and industry to evaluate systems and develop products for use in the fields of biology and health.  Their work ranges from research and development to more business-oriented aspects of engineering, such as sales, customer engineering and technical management.10

Those who pursue research and development in biomedical engineering will find the field heavily specialized.  While there is continual change and creation of new specialty areas due to rapid advancement in technology and science, below are some of the more established areas of research that those interested in biotechnology should explore.11

  • Bioinstrumentation: the application of electronics and measurement techniques to develop devices used in diagnosis and treatment of disease.
  • Biomaterials: the development of both artificial materials and living tissue for implantation.  Because the selection of an appropriate material to place in the human body may be one of the most difficult tasks faced by biomedical engineers, understanding the properties and behavior of living material is vital to the selection or design of implant materials, which must be non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, chemically inert, stable and mechanically strong enough to last a lifetime.
  • Biomechanics: the application of classical mechanics (statics, dynamics, fluids, solids, thermodynamics and continuum mechanics) to biological or medical problems, including the study of motion, material deformation, flow within the body, and transport of chemical constituents across biological and synthetic media and membranes.
  • Cellular, Tissue and Genetic Engineering: the utilization of anatomy, biochemistry and mechanics of cellular and sub-cellular structures to understand disease processes and to be able to intervene within specific sites.  Using this technology, devices can deliver compounds that can stimulate or inhibit cellular processes at precise target locations to promote healing or to inhibit disease formation and progression.
  • Clinical Engineering: the application of technology to health care in hospitals.  Clinical engineers are members of health care teams along with physicians, nurses and other hospital staff, and are responsible for developing and maintaining computer databases of medical instrumentation and equipment records as well as for the purchase and use of sophisticated medical instruments.  They also work to adapt instrumentation to the specific needs of the physician and the patient.  They are involved with the application of the latest technology to health care.
  • Medical Imaging: the combination of knowledge of a unique physical phenomenon (sound, radiation, magnetism, etc.) with high-speed electronic data processing, analysis and display.   Biomedical engineers in this area are responsible for the creation of minimally or noninvasive procedures that provide doctors with the knowledge they need while saving patients from pain, complication and cost.
  • Orthopedic Bioengineering: the application of engineering and computational mechanics to understand the function of bones, joints and muscles, and for the design of artificial joint replacements.  Orthopedic biomedical engineers analyze the friction, lubrication and wear characteristics of natural and artificial joints in order to develop artificial biomaterials for replacement of bones, cartilages, ligaments, tendons, meniscus and intervertebral discs.
  • Rehabilitation Engineering: the design of prosthetics and home, workplace and transportation modifications to enhance of the capabilities and quality of life of individuals with physical and cognitive impairments.
  • Systems Physiology: the use of engineering strategies, techniques and tools such as computer modeling and predictor models to gain a comprehensive and integrated understanding of the function of living organisms ranging from bacteria to humans.12

These specialty areas are often interrelated and expanding.  All areas of biomedical engineering require working with teams of physicians, nurses, therapists and technicians to solve problems.  Because their skills include both medicine and engineering, they often serve as the interface between the two fields, connecting the needs of one with the abilities of the other.13 Communication abilities, both written and verbal, are particularly important because biomedical engineers often interact with specialists in a wide range of fields outside of engineering.14 Because teamwork is central to the work of biomedical engineers, they must be able to work cooperatively.15 Biomedical engineers must be comfortable working and presenting in all environments, including laboratories, hospitals, universities and corporations.  Some biomedical engineers are technical advisors for marketing departments of companies while others work in management and strategic planning for large corporations

Career Preparation

The mission of the undergraduate degree program in Biomedical Engineering is to provide a state-of-the-art biomedical engineering education so that students will be prepared to enter graduate (MS or PhD) or professional (Medical, Dental, Veterinary, Business, Public Health or Law) schools, or to enter industrial careers in biomedical engineering or a related field.16 However, the field is extremely competitive, and students must be proactive to ensure that they are well qualified both in the classroom and in the workplace.

Biomedical engineering students should first focus on becoming a good engineer, and then on acquiring a working knowledge of the life sciences and terminology.17 When entering the job market or applying for graduate school, graduates should be able to point to well-defined engineering skills as well as demonstrated real world experience. Pursuing both academic research and internship opportunities within the industry are ideal ways to obtain these skills.18


Hopkins Alumni

Hopkins Biomedical Engineering alumni go into a variety of career fields. Since 2003 the Career Center has surveyed recent graduates about their academic and career plans 6 months after graduation. Here is a summary of their responses.

Hopkins Alumni in Biomedical Engineering

Chris Aldrich, President / CEO, Aldrich Consulting,
Biomedical Engineering and Electrical Engineering, Class of 1996

inCircle - a professional and social networking site for Hopkins students and alumn where you can identify alumni by career field, major and orgnaization.

LinkedIn.com -a professional networking site where you can identify Hopkins alumni. Join the LinkedIn Johns Hopkins University Alumni Group to add over 4000+ alumni to your network.

Graduate School

The Career Center is here to help you navigate the graduate school search process. Click here for guidelines and preparing for Graduate School and Professional School.

For information on the specific programs, the best people to talk to are the experts in your field you wish to study, faculty members and graduate students in that specific discipline. We strongly encourage you to talk with your advisor and other faculty members with whom you have a good working relationship. This will also help when you request letters of recommendation. The Career Center has a handout to guide you in asking for letters of recommendation.

Professional Associations and Honor Societies

Hopkins Biotech Network
American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Bioengineering Division
Biomedical Engineering Society
Danish Society for Biomedical Engineering
European Society for Engineering in Medicine
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Institute of Biological Engineering
Institute of Biomedical Science
International Federation for Medical & Biological Engineering
International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin
The Canadian Medical & Biological Engineering Society
The Merck Genome Research Institute
Whitaker Foundation

Links
General Psychology and Brain Studies Related Websites

Accredited Programs:

Graduate Programs:

Biomedical Engineering Academic Program Annual Report:

Endnotes:

1 Biomedical Engineering Undergraduate Advising Manual, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University

2 Careers in Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Society

3 Bioengineering Overview, Sloan Career Cornerstone Center

4 Biomedical Engineering Undergraduate Advising Manual, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University

5 ibid

6 ibid

7 ibid

8 ibid

9 ibid

10 ibid

11 Careers in Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Society

12 ibid

13 Bioengineering Overview, Sloan Career Cornerstone Center

14 ibid

15 ibid

16 Biomedical Engineering Undergraduate Advising Manual, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University

17 Careers in Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Society

18 ibid

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