| •
Course Schedule
|
| COMPUTER SCIENCE |
| Note: Text highlighted
in red indicates that a change
has been made to the course listing. The red
text indicates the current, updated information. |
| 600.101
(E) |
COMPUTER
FLUENCY (4)
Houlahan Limit 15 per section This course replaces the
older version 600.101 Computer Literacy, and will incorporate
some topics from 600.113 Internet as well. Students will become
fluent with information technology through coverage of basic underlying
concepts and use of common applications. Concepts will include
the building blocks of computer systems and software, as well
as historical perspectives and social implications. Students will
learn basic and selected advanced skills with MS Office (word
processing, spreadsheets, presentations, databases), as well as
webpage design with programming in JavaScript, and unix operating
system basics. The goal is to empower students so that they remain
skilled computer users and will have confidence and success learning
and applying new technologies on their own in the future. |
Lec.
Sec.
01
02
03
04 |
MTW 11
W 12
W 2
Th 9
Th 10 |
| 600.102
(E)
|
FOUNDATIONS OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE (4) Froelich Limit 15 per section Prereq: 600.101 or equivalent
knowledge This course is an introduction to computer
science for majors, minors and non-majors. Students are exposed
to the discipline through vignettes of logic and algebra, computer
systems and networks, algorithms, programming languages, computation
theory, and selected applications. CS majors can only
take this course in their first semester of CS coursework.
This course replaces 600.103 Intro to CS and 600.113 Internet. Course canceled
1/04/06
|
Lec.
Sec.
01
02
|
MTW
1
Th
11
Th 1
|
| 600.106
(E) |
PRE-PROGRAMMING
ALGORITHMIC THINKING (1) Vasconcelos-Santillan
Course is 4
weeks only (2/6 - 3/1) Course
added 02/06/06 |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 2 |
| 600.107
(E) |
INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING JAVA (3) Houlahan Limit 120 Prereq: familiarity
with computers Students without experience are strongly advised
to also take 600.108 or 600.106 |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 3 |
| 600.108
(E) |
INTRODUCTION
TO PROGRAMMING LAB (1) Houlahan Limit 12 per section Coreq: 600.107 The purpose
of this course is to give novice programmers extra hands-on practice
with guided supervision. Students will work in pairs each week
to develop working programs, with checkpoints for each development
phase. Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory only
Sec.
03 canceled 02/06/06 |
Sec. 01
02
03
|
W
5:30-8:30pm 5-8pm
Th 4-7pm
F
9-12
|
| 600.120
(E) |
INTERMEDIATE
PROGRAMMING (4)
Amir Limit 25 per section Prereq: 600.107 or 600.109. Coreq:
600.226 This course covers intermediate to advanced
object-oriented programming in both C and C++. The focus of the
course is on programming techniques, class design, and the use
of class libraries. Topics to be covered include: polymorphism,
overloading, inheritance, pointers, dynamic memory allocation,
templates, collections, exceptions, and others as time permits.
Students are expected to learn syntax and low-level language features
independently. Coursework involves significant programming projects
in both languages. |
Lec.
Sec. 01
02 |
MTW 1
Th 12
F 1 |
| 600.226
(E,Q) |
DATA
STRUCTURES (3)
Froehlich Prereq: 600.107 (preferred) or 600.109 required
This course covers the design and implementation of data structures
including arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, binary trees,
heaps, balanced trees (e.g. 2-3 trees, AVL-trees) and graphs.
Other topics include sorting, hashing, memory allocation, and
garbage collection. Course work involves both written homework
and Java programming assignments. |
Sec. 01 |
ThF 9-10:15 |
| 600.318
(E) |
OPERATING
SYSTEMS (4)
Shapiro Prereq: 600.120, 600.226,
600.333, 600.211 (or equivalent).
Students may receive credit for 600.318 or 600.418 but not both. This
course covers the fundamental topics related to operating systems
theory and practice. Topics include processor management, storage
management, concurrency control, multi-programming and processing,
device drivers, operating system components (e.g., file system,
kernel), modeling and performance measurement, protection and
security, and recent innovations in operating system structure.
Course work includes the implementation of operating systems techniques
and routines, and critical parts of a small but functional operating
system. [Systems] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 10 |
| 600.319 (E) |
STORAGE
SYSTEMS (3)
Burns
Limit 20 Prereq: 600.226 and 600.333/433 Course added
11/18/05 |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 1 |
| 600.325
(E) |
DECLARATIVE METHODS (3)
Eisner Limit 40
20 Prereq: 600.226 & 600.271 & Calculus
II Students get credit for 600.325 or 425, not both Suppose
you could simply write down a description of your problem, and
let the computer figure out how
to solve it. What notation could you use? What strategy should the
computer then use? In this survey class, you'll learn to recognize when your
problem is a special case of satisfiability, integer programming,
rational pattern transduction, Bayesian network inference, or
weighted logic programming. For each of these paradigms, you'll
learn to reformulate hard problems in the required notation and
apply off-the-shelf software that can solve *any* problem in that
notation -- including many of the problems you'll see in other
courses and in the real world. You'll also gain some understanding
of the general-purpose algorithms that power the software. [Analysis] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 2 |
| 600.328
(E) |
COMPILERS
(3) Froehlich
Prereq: 600.120 and 600.226
Introduction to compiler design, including lexical analysis, parsing,
syntax-directed translation, symbol tables, run-time environments,
and code generation and optimization. Students are required to
write a compiler as a course project. [Systems] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 3 |
| 600.335
(E) |
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE (3) Sheppard Limit 30 Prereq: 600.226 , 550.171; Recommended:
Linear Algebra, Prob/Stats Artificial intelligence (AI) is introduced
by studying knowledge representation mechanisms, automated reasoning,
automatic problem solvers and planners, production systems, game
playing and machine learning. The class is recommended for all
scientists and engineers with a genuine curiosity about the fundamental
obstacles to getting machines to perform tasks such as deduction,
learning, and planning and navigation. [Applications] |
Sec. 01 |
ThF
4-5:15pm MTW 10 |
| 600.336
(E) |
ALGORITHMS
FOR SENSOR-BASED ROBOTICS (3) Hager Limit 30 Prereq: 600.226,
Calculus, Probability & Statistics This
is an introductory course presenting a series of algorithms related
to the representation and use of geometric models acquired from
sensor data. Course topics include: basic sensing and estimation
techniques, geometric model representations, and motion planning
algorithms. The course will also discuss applications in diverse
areas such as mobile systems, robot manipulation, and medicine.
[Analysis] |
Sec. 01 |
ThF 9-10:15 |
| 600.341
(E,Q) |
BASICS
OF APPLIED CRYPTOGRAPHY (3)
Ateniese
Limit
25 Prereq: 600.120 & 600.226 This course is an introduction
to algorithms, cryptography and network security, meant to give
students a good foundation for upper level courses in the area.
Students will learn how to implement a simple cryptographic library
in C. [Analysis] |
Sec. 01 |
ThF 2:30-3:45 |
| 600.344
(E) |
COMPUTER
NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS (3)
Masson Limit:
60
Prereq:
600.333 or 600.433 or Perm.
Req’d Students may receive credit for
600.344 or 600.444 but not both. This course considers intrasystem
communications issues. Topics covered include layered network
architectures; the OSI model; bandwidth, data rates, modems, multiplexing,
error detection/correction; switching; queuing models, circuit
switching, packet switching; performance analysis of protocols,
local area networks; and congestion control. [Systems] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 11 |
| 600.357 (E,Q) |
COMPUTER GRAPHICS (3)
Kazhdan Limit
20 Prereq: 600.120, 600.226, linear algebra. or
Perm Req’d Students may receive credit for 600.357 or 600.457,
but not both. This course introduces computer graphics techniques and
applications, including image processing, rendering, modeling
and animation. [Applications] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 11 |
| 600.392 (E) |
SENIOR
DESIGN PROJECT (3) Froehlich CS senior majors only. Prereq: 600.120
& 600.226 Recommended: 600.321 This course will give senior
CS majors an intensive capstone design project experience. Students
will work in groups with real world customers to develop a working
system. Project design, management and communication skills will
be emphasized. Software development methodologies may also be
presented. [General] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 4 |
| 600.402 (E) |
MEDICAL
INFORMATICS (1)
Lehmann
Limit 50 Short course: 02/20/06 –03/15/05 Computers
and information technology has become major forces in transforming
American medicine. We shall discuss some of the new entities---the
computer-based patient record, clinical practice guidelines, and
digital libraries---and their underlying technologies: networks,
databases, controlled vocabularies, and decision analysis. |
Sec. 01 |
MW 4-5:15 |
| 600.418
(E) |
OPERATING SYSTEMS (3) Shapiro
Limit 10 Prereq: 600.226, 600.333, 600.211
(or 600.111 or equivalent) Graduate level version of 600.318
Students may receive credit for 600.318 or 600.418 but not both.
[systems] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 10 |
| 600.419 (E) |
STORAGE
SYSTEMS (3)
Burns
Limit 20 Prereq: 600.226 and 600.333/433 Course added
11/18/05 |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 1 |
| 600.425
(E) |
DECLARATIVE
METHODS (3) Eisner Prereq: 600.226, 600.271, Calculus II Suppose
you could simply write down a description of your problem, and
let the computer figure out how to solve it. What notation could
you use? What strategy should the computer then use? In this
survey class, you'll learn to recognize when your problem is a
special case of satisfiability, integer programming, rational
pattern transduction, Bayesian network inference, or weighted
logic programming. For each of these paradigms, you'll learn
to reformulate hard problems in the required notation and apply
off-the-shelf software that can solve *any* problem in that notation
-- including many of the problems you'll see in other courses
and in the real world. You'll also gain some understanding of
the general-purpose algorithms that power the software. Students
get credit for 600.325 or 425, not both. CS grads only. [Analysis] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 2 |
| 600.426
(E,Q) |
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES (3)
Smith Freshmen and Sophomores by permission only Limit 20
plus CS Grads
Prereq: 600.226 Functional, object-oriented, and other language
features are studied independent of a particular programming language.
Students become familiar with these features by implementing them.
Most of the implementations are in the form of small language
interpreters. Some type checkers and a small compiler will also
be written. The total amount of code written will not be overly
large, as the emphasis is on concepts. The ML programming language
is the implementation language used. [Analysis] |
Sec. 01 |
ThF 1-2:15 |
| 600.435
(E) |
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE (3) Sheppard
Limit 10 plus CS Grads Prereq: 600.226, 550.171
Recommended: Linear Algebra, Prob/Stats Graduate level version
of 600.335 [Applications] |
Sec. 01 |
ThF
4-5:15pm MTW 10 |
| 600.443
(E) |
SECURITY AND PRIVACY IN
COMPUTING (3) Rubin
Limit 60 20 Prereq:
Basic course in operating systems & networks or Perm.
Req’d Graduate students only initially Lecture topics
will include computer security, network security, basic cryptography,
system design methodology, and privacy. There will be a heavy
workload, including written homework, programming assignments,
exams and a comprehensive final. The class will also include a
semester -long project that will be done in teams and will include
a presentation by each group to the class. [Applications] (was
Systems previously) Cross-listed with JHUISI |
Sec. 01 |
ThF 2:30-3:45 |
| 600.444
(E) |
COMPUTER
NETWORKS (3) Masson Limit 60 10
plus CS Grads Prereq: 600.333 or 600.433
or Perm. Req’d. Students may receive credit for
600.344 or 600.444 but not both. Graduate level version of 600.344
[Systems] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 11 |
| 600.446
(E) |
COMPUTER
INTEGRATED SURGERY II (3) Taylor Limit
20 plus CS Grads Prereq: 600.445 or Perm.
Req’d This weekly lecture/seminar course addresses similar material
to 600.445, but covers selected topics in greater depth. In addition
to material covered in lectures/seminars by the instructor and
other faculty, students are expected to read and provide critical
analysis/ presentations of selected papers in recitation sessions.
Students taking this course are required to undertake and report
on a significant term project under the supervision of the instructor
and clinical end users. Typically, this project is an extension
of the term project from 600.445, although it does not have to
be. Grades are based both on the project and on classroom recitations.
Students wishing to attend the weekly lectures as a 1-credit seminar
should sign up for 600.452. Students may also take this course
as 600.646. The only difference between 600.446 and 600.646 is
the level of project undertaken. Typically, 600.646 projects require
a greater degree of mathematical, image processing, or modeling
background. Prospective students should consult with the instructor
as to which course number is appropriate. Students may receive
credit for 600.446 or 600.646, but not both. [Applications] |
Sec. 01 |
ThF 1-2:15 |
| 600.452
(E) |
COMPUTER
INTEGRATED SURGERY SEMINAR (1) Taylor Lecture
version of 600.446 (no project) Prereq: 600.445 or
Perm. Req’d Students may receive credit for 600.446 or 600.452,
but not both. |
Sec. 01 |
ThF 1-2:15 |
| 600.457
(E,Q) |
COMPUTER GRAPHICS (3)
Kazhdan Limit 10 plus CS grads Prereq: 600.120, 600.226, linear algebra or
Perm. Req’d. Graduate level version of 600.357. Students may receive credit for 600.357
or 600.457, but not both. [Applications] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 11 |
| 600.464
(E,Q) |
RANDOMIZED
ALGORITHMS (3) Kosaraju
Prereq: 600.463 or 600.363 Students may receive
credit for 600.464 or 600.664, but not both. Selected topics
in algorithm design and analysis such as advanced data structures,
amortization, graph algorithms, algebraic complexity, network
flow, circulations, matching, randomization. [Analysis] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 2 |
| 600.466
(E) |
INFORMATION
RETRIEVAL AND WEB AGENTS (3) Yarowsky
Prereq: 600.226 or 600.363 Limit: 90 Course
added 10/26/05 |
Sec. 01 |
ThF 2:30-3:45 |
| 600.492
(E) |
COMPUTER
SCIENCE WORKSHOP II Perm.
Req’d When registering please use the following faculty section
numbers:
Sec.
01 - Masson
Sec. 02 - Kosarju
Sec. 03 - Awerbuch
Sec. 04 - Taylor
Sec. 05 - Smith
Sec. 06 - Goodrich
Sec. 07 - Brill
Sec. 08 - Salzberg
Sec. 09 - Hager
Sec. 10 - Wolff
Sec. 11 - Kumar
Sec. 12 - Amir
Sec. 13 - Yarowsky
Sec. 14 - Cohen
Sec. 15 - Burns
Sec. 16 - Eisner
Sec. 17 - Shapiro
Sec. 18 - Scheideler
Sec. 19 - Stanton
Sec. 20 - Anteniese
Sec. 21 - Rubin
Sec. 22 - Monrose
Sec. 23 - Terzis
Sec. 24 - Scheinerman
Sec. 25 - Winslow
Sec. 26 - Kazhdan
Sec. 27 - Jelinek |
Sec. 01-27 |
TBA |
| 600.493
(E) |
ROBOCUP
I (1) Hager
Prereq: 600.226, Calculus, Probability &
Statistics; Coreq: 660.336 This course allows students to participate in the development
of a robot soccer team. Students will work with a development
team to improve some aspect of the team infrastructure, sensing,
world modeling, or strategy components. |
Sec. 01 |
T 4-5:45 |
| 600.494
(E) |
ROBOCUP
II (2) Hager
Prereq: 660.493 or permission This
course is for students who wish to manage a development team for
robot soccer. Students will create and manage software projects
related to robot soccer. |
Sec. 01 |
T 4-5:45 |
| 600.502 |
INDEPENDENT
STUDY - FRESHMEN & SOPHOMORES When registering please use
faculty section numbers listed under 600.492 |
Sec. 01-27 |
|
| 600.504 |
INDEPENDENT
STUDY – JUNIORS & SENIORS When registering please use faculty
section numbers listed under 600.492 |
Sec. 01-27 |
|
| 600.508 |
UNDERGRADUATE
RESEARCH When registering please use faculty section numbers
listed under 600.492 |
Sec. 01-27 |
|
| 600.510 |
COMPUTER
SCIENCE INTERNSHIP When registering please use faculty
section numbers listed under 600.492 Individual work in the field with a learning component,
supervised by a faculty member in the department. The program
of study and credit assigned must be worked out in advance between
the student and the faculty member involved. Students may not
receive credit for work that they are paid to do. As a rule of
thumb, 40 hours of work is equivalent to one credit. |
Sec. 01-27 |
|
| 600.520 |
SENIOR
HONORS THESIS When registering please use faculty section numbers
listed under 600.492 For computer science majors
only, a continuation of 600.519.
|
Sec. 01-27 |
|
| 600.546 (E) |
SENIOR THESIS IN COMPUTER INTEGRATED SURGERY (3) Taylor
Prereq: 600.445 or Perm. Req’d. |
Sec. 01 |
|
| 600.602 |
COMPUTER SCIENCE SEMINAR Staff Required
for all CS grad students Limit 150 |
Sec. 01 |
ThF 10:30-12 |
| 600.624 |
ADVANCED
TOPICS IN NETWORK SECURITY Monroe Limit 20
Prereq: 600.324/424, 600.442 or Perm.
Req’d This course focuses on advanced research topics in
communications security. The course is structured as a research
seminar where students present research papers to the class. Topics
include protocol analysis, security in inter-domain routing, broadcast
authentication protocols, covert channels and anonymous communication,
key management, advanced traceback schemes, attack propagation
modeling, among others. A course project is required. [Systems]
Cross-listed with JHUISI |
Sec. 01 |
ThF 1-2:15 |
| 600.646
|
COMPUTER
INTEGRATED SURGERY II
Taylor Limit 20 Prereq: 600.445 or Perm. Req’d Students may receive credit for 600.446 or 600.646,
but not both. Advanced version of 600.446. [Applications] |
Sec. 01 |
ThF 1-2:15 |
| 600.647 |
ADVANCED
TOPICS IN WIRELESS NETWORKS Awerbuch Prereq:
600.344/444, 600.363/463 or Perm.
Req’d This class will survey current research in wireless
communication networks. These types of networks have been growing
exponentially in the past several years and include a host of
different network types: ad hoc, cell phone, access point, sensor,
etc. The class will build understanding of all layers of wireless
networking and the interactions between them (including: physical,
data link, medium access control, routing, transport, and application).
The topics of security, energy efficiency, mobility, scalability,
and their unique characteristics in wireless networks will be
discussed. The class will be composed of three parts. In the first
part, several different lecturers (including guests from outside
of JHU) will provide an introduction to the field. The second
part will be structured as a research seminar consisting of class
discussions of research papers. The third part of the class will
consist of a large programming project where students break into
teams and develop mobile applications. It is strongly recommended
that students have previously completed Object Oriented Systems,
Distributed Systems, and Networking classes. The applications
will involve Linux programming, network programming, and a user
interface. [Systems or Analysis] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 10 |
| 600.649 |
SENSOR NETWORKS Terzis Limit
20 Graduate Student only Prereq: 600.349/449 or
Perm Req’d. Embedded network systems,
including sensor networks, distributed control applications, and
ubiquitous computing environments, are becoming an important new
computing class with wide ranging and novel applications. They
present a range of computer systems challenges because they are
closely coupled to the physical world with all its unpredictable
variation, noise, and asynchrony; they involve many energy-constrained,
resource-limited devices operating in concert; they must be largely
self-organizing and self-maintaining; and they must be robust
despite significant noise, loss, and failure. This area has reached
a stage where solid initial platforms have been developed, a number
of 'leading applications' have been fielded, and a rich body of
literature has emerged. This course will be reading/project/discussion
focused, with a goal of covering the area is substantial depth.
Topics include application-driven network architectures, emerging
platforms and technology, resource constrained real-time OSs,
media access control, distributed algorithms (broadcast, anycast,
multicast, convergecast) in lossy wireless networks, ad hoc multihop
routing, pseudo-geographic routing, in-network aggregation and
processing, multi-resolution storage, compression and source-coding,
time synchronization, coverage and density, ranging and localization,
resilient aggregators, tracking, capacity, distributed feature
extraction, tracking, and collaborative signal processing. We
will also look at emerging standards, such as ZIGBEE. It will
require substantial reading and class participation, a sequence
of group mini-studies, and a research project. [Systems] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 1 |
| 600.664 |
RANDOMIZED
ALGORITHMS
Kosaraju Prereq:
600.363 or 600.463 Students may receive credit for 600.464 or
600.664, but not both. Graduate level version of 600.464. [Analysis] |
Sec. 01 |
MTW 2 |
| 600.666 |
INFORMATION EXTRACTION
FROM SPEECH AND TEXT Khudanpur Prereq: 550.310 or equivalent,
expertise in C or C++ programming Introduction to statistical
methods of speech recognition (automatic transcription of speech)
and understanding. The course is a natural continuation of 600.465 but is independent
of it. Topics include elementary information theory, hidden Markov
models, the Baum and Viterbi algorithms, efficient hypothesis
search methods, statistical decision trees, the estimation-maximization
(EM) algorithm, maximum entropy estimation and estimation of discrete
probabilities from sparse data for acoustic and language modeling.
Weekly assignments and several programming projects. [Applications] Co-listed
as 520.666 |
Sec. 01 |
ThF 9-10:15 |
| 600.726 |
SEMINAR IN PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Smith
Perm. Req’d This seminar course covers
recent developments in the foundations of programming language
design and implementation. Topics covered include type theory,
process algebra, higher-order program analysis, and constraint
systems. Students will be expected to present papers orally. |
Sec. 01 |
W 11 |
| 600.745 |
SEMINAR IN CIS Fichtinger
Course
added 12/15/05 |
Sec. 01 |
W 12-1:30 |
| 600.746 |
SEMINAR ON MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS Prince/Taylor
Perm. Req’d This weekly seminar will focus on research issues
in medical image analysis, including image segmentation, registration,
statistical modeling, and applications. It will also include selected
topics relating to medical image acquisition, especially where
they relate to analysis. The purpose of the course is to provide
the participants with a thorough background in current research
in these areas, as well as to promote greater awareness and interaction
between multiple research groups within the University. The format
of the course is informal. Students will read selected papers.
All students will be assumed to have read these papers by the
time the paper is scheduled for discussion. But individual students
will be assigned on a rotating basis to lead the discussion on
particular papers or sections of papers. Co-listed with 520.746 |
Sec. 01 |
T 2-3:30 |
| 600.757 |
SEMINAR IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS Kazhdan In this course we will review current research
in computer graphics. We will meet for an hour once a week and
one of the participants will lead the discussion for the week.
|
Sec. 01 |
TBA |
| 600.765 |
SEMINAR IN NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
Eisner Perm. Req’d. A reading group exploring important
current research in the field and potentially relevant material
from related fields. Enrolled students are expected to present
papers and lead discussion. |
Sec. 01 |
Th 4 |
| 600.802 |
DISSERTATION
RESEARCH When registering
please use faculty section numbers listed under 600.804 |
|
|
| 600.804 |
GRADUATE
RESEARCH Perm. Req’d. When registering please use the following faculty
section numbers:
Sec.
01 - Masson
Sec. 02 - Kosarju
Sec. 03 - Awerbuch
Sec. 04 - Taylor
Sec. 05 - Smith
Sec. 06 - Lehmann Goodrich
Sec. 07 - Brill
Sec. 08 - Salzberg
Sec. 09 - Hager
Sec. 10 - Chirikjian Wolff
Sec. 11 - Kumar
Sec. 12 - Amir
Sec. 13 - Yarowsky
Sec. 14 - Cohen
Sec. 15 - Burns
Sec. 16 - Eisner
Sec. 17 - Shapiro
Sec. 18 - Scheideler
Sec. 19 - Stanton
Sec. 20 - Anteniese
Sec. 21 - Rubin
Sec. 22 - Monrose
Sec. 23 - Terzis
Sec. 24 - Scheinerman
Sec. 25 - Winslow
Sec. 26 - Kazhdan
Sec. 27 - Jelinek
Sec.
29 - Szalay
Sec.
29 added 01/09/06
|
|
|
| 600.810 |
INDEPENDENT
STUDY When registering
please use faculty section numbers listed under 600.804
Perm.
Req’d. |
|
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