Commencement 2005
Society of Scholars
1969-2004
Rafael Beyar
Haifa, Israel
Rafael Beyar has been a leader in interventional cardiology
for two decades. Taking advantage of his rigorous training
in biomedical engineering and medicine, Beyar has made
contributions ranging from fundamental experimental and
theoretical analyses of normal and pathological cardiac
mechanics to the development of new cardiac therapeutics
and diagnostics. During his Johns Hopkins fellowship, he
defined the determinants of internal torsion of the heart
essential for ejection of blood. Through his
entrepreneurial talent, he and his brother developed a
novel balloon expandable stent. Thanks to his initiative,
the Johns Hopkins-Technion Joint Program for the Biomedical
Sciences and Biomedical Engineering was established in
2000.
Guthrie Birkhead
Albany, N.Y.
Guthrie Birkhead is a nationally known public health
practitioner, scholar and educator who is at the forefront
of applying current scientific knowledge to complex public
health problems, ranging from the HIV infection rate among
newborns to the low measles vaccination rates among
preschool-age children. Birkhead's formal introduction to
public health came when he received his master of public
health degree from Johns Hopkins. In addition to his own
research and academic and clinical achievements, Birkhead
has devoted himself to training the next generation of
public health professionals.
David Bredt
Indianapolis, Ind.
At a relatively young age, David Bredt is already
appreciated as one of a handful of top molecular
neuroscientists in the world. His research has
revolutionized our understanding of nitric oxide as a
neurotransmitter and the dynamics of the major synapses in
the brain. Following his study at Johns Hopkins, Bredt had
a meteoric academic career at the University of California
at San Francisco Medical School. He has recently moved to a
position in the private sector as vice president for
integrative biology at Eli Lilly and Co.
Patrick Brookhouser
Omaha, Neb.
Patrick Brookhouser is internationally known for developing
ways to quickly detect hearing loss in infants and to
discover what causes children to lose their hearing. A
leader in the field of pediatric otolaryngology and
otology, Brookhouser is director of Boys Town National
Research Hospital, where he leads one of the largest
institutions devoted to understanding and treating hearing
loss in children. His Omaha-based hospital works with a
neighboring center to bring auditory evaluation services to
rural communities. He has been the lead investigator and
director of NIH grants focused on nerve-based hearing loss
in children.
Robert W. Cahn
Cambridge, England
Robert W. Cahn is a widely respected international leader
of the materials science and engineering community through
his writing, editing, mentoring and research activities.
Before leaving the confines of a laboratory to concentrate
more broadly on the promotion of materials science, Cahn
made seminal contributions to materials research with his
early work on recrystallization and twinning and his
subsequent research on the crystallography of ordered
intermetallic compounds. His achievements in editing and
writing are equally impressive. In addition to more than
230 scientific papers, he has published more than 100
commentaries in Nature and written or edited 39 books.
Edward Clark
Salt Lake City, Utah
Edward Clark has made many contributions to pediatric
medicine through both his research and his clinical care.
His study of the heart's forces and circulation in chick
embryos has helped doctors gain a better understanding of
fetal heart development and its role in a lifetime of good
cardiac health. As medical director of the Primary
Children's Medical Center at the University of Utah, Clark
works to ensure that scientific skill and a doctor's
empathy go hand in hand.
David Dodge
Ottawa, Canada
David Dodge is an economist's economist. He integrates a
scholarly approach to economics with the skills of a
practitioner. While at SAIS, he was a respected teacher and
the enthusiastic proponent of Canadian studies. Dodge has
held many important and influential positions in economics
in Canada. He was deputy finance minister and was active in
applying economic theory to empirical economic issues. As a
governor of the Bank of Canada, he has applied a scholarly
approach to the management of the Canadian dollar. He also
has been active in overseeing the integration of Canada,
Mexico and the United States in the North American Free
Trade Area.
W. Bruce Fye
Rochester, Minn.
W. Bruce Fye combines his fascination with medicine's past
with his present contributions to the field. A professor of
medicine and medical history at the Mayo Clinic, Fye is a
past president of the American College of Cardiology. He
has written two books on the history of medicine, including
the Johns Hopkins University Press book American
Cardiology, winner of the prestigious Welch Medal from the
American Association for the History of Medicine.
David Guyer
New York, NY
David Guyer, who received his medical degree and his
ophthalmological specialty training at the Wilmer Eye
Institute, has an exemplary clinical, academic and business
record. Combining his clinical expertise with outstanding
entrepreneurial skills, he established Eyetech
Pharmaceuticals, a private company that has collaborative
arrangements with large pharmaceutical corporations to
develop and commercialize ophthalmic treatments. His work
has included age-related macular degeneration and diabetic
macular edema, two ophthalmic disorders of increasing
impact on our aging population. Guyer's intense
intellectual curiosity, resourcefulness, enthusiasm,
creativity and commitment to excellence make him a leader
in the field of ophthalmology.
Stanley Hamilton
Houston, Texas
Stanley Hamilton received his resident and fellowship
training in the Department of Pathology at Johns Hopkins.
He joined the faculty of that department, rising to become
professor of pathology and director of the Division of
Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology. Among his widely
recognized achievements was his research on Barrett's
esophagus and colorectal neoplasia. In 1988, Hamilton left
Johns Hopkins to become head of the Division of Pathology
at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in
Houston. There, his strong leadership, teaching and
investigative capabilities continue to play major roles in
institutional, national and international affairs related
to research into the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods and
prognosis of neoplastic diseases.
M. Alfred Haynes
Corona, Calif.
M. Alfred Haynes is a pioneer in addressing disparities in
health status, access to care and professional health
education opportunities for underrepresented minorities and
the poor. Over the course of his long and distinguished
career, he has been a major architect of social justice for
black professionals in the health sciences. One of the
first African-American faculty members at Johns Hopkins,
Haynes played an important role in a national study titled
Hunger U.S.A. and contributed to establishing racial
integration policies for the university. Following the
Watts riots in Los Angeles, Haynes became an early faculty
member and associate dean of the Drew Postgraduate Medical
School, an institution he later served as dean and where he
is now president emeritus.
E. Carmack Holmes
Los Angeles, Calif.
A world leader in surgical oncology, E. Carmack Holmes is
now executive director of the Center for Advanced Surgical
and Interventional Technology at the University of
California, Los Angeles, Medical Center. He trained in the
Johns Hopkins Department of Surgery and then spent three
years at the National Cancer Institute before moving to
UCLA Medical Center, where he rapidly rose to the position
of professor and chairman of the Department of Surgery.
Holmes also is known for having taught and mentored many
young surgeons, including Julie Ann Freischlag, the current
chair of the Department of Surgery at the Johns Hopkins
School of Medicine.
Craig Peters
Boston, Mass.
Craig Peters is an internationally known and respected
clinician and investigator in pediatric urology. Recognized
as one of the world's experts in pediatric laparoscopy and
minimally invasive surgery in children, he has made major
contributions to the basic science of developmental biology
and physiology of the bladder. Having received his medical
and specialty urological training at Johns Hopkins, Peters
joined the faculty of the Harvard University School of
Medicine and is an associate professor of surgery at
Children's Hospital in Boston. He is held in high regard by
his colleagues, as evidenced by his election to membership
in the Society for Pediatric Urological Surgeons, where he
is one of only five North American members.
William Poole
St. Louis, Mo.
William Poole is that rare combination of path-breaking
research scholar and distinguished public servant. While at
Johns Hopkins, he showed how monetary policy should respond
to the different types of disturbances that impact the
economy. This work is still cited some three decades later.
After years of productive work at the Federal Reserve
System, the Reserve Bank of Australia and the President's
Council of Economic Advisers, and as a professor at Brown
University, he was named in 1998 to the presidency of the
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, where he serves with
distinction. He remains a creative, constructive and
generous contributor to economic research and
policy-making.
Maithili Sharan
Delhi, India
Maithili Sharan is head of the Centre for Atmospheric
Sciences at the Indian Institute of Technology in Delhi,
India. He has made many outstanding contributions to the
fields of environmental physiological and computational
fluid mechanics and molecular transport. Sharan is credited
with developing innovative mathematical models for gas
transport in pulmonary and systemic circulations, and he
has laid a strong foundation for the understanding of the
physiological processes underlying gas transport. He also
has contributed to the development of mathematical models
of the dispersion of air pollutants in low wind conditions,
which have helped him analyze the infamous Bhopal gas
leak.
Lukas P. Baumgartner
Lausanne, Switzerland
Lukas Baumgartner, known for multidisciplinary work,
has developed a new way to apply transport theory to
problems associated with mineral crystallization and rock
alteration. His findings have been used to understand the
development of mountain belts, such as the Alps and the
Andes, and the formation of sedimentary, metamorphic and
igneous rocks. He is currently director of the Institute of
Mineralogy and Petrology at the University of Lausanne in
Switzerland. Awards recognizing his outstanding
achievements include the Paul Niggli Medal of the Swiss
Mineralogical Petrological Society and the Mineralogical
Society of America Award.
Vann Bennett
Durham, N.C.
Best known for his discovery and characterization of
the ankyrins, Vann Bennett has markedly advanced knowledge
of how membrane transport proteins are precisely localized
in cell membrane domains. This work has brought Bennett
wide recognition as a basic cell biologist and as a pioneer
elucidating the molecular basis of human diseases. His work
most recently pinpointed the genetic mechanism for an
inherited form of cardiac Long QT syndrome, a deadly heart
problem that strikes seemingly healthy young people.
Bennett is currently the James B. Duke Professor of
biology, biochemistry and neuroscience at Duke University
Medical Center.
Douglas F. Covey
St. Louis, Mo.
Douglas Covey has made several significant
contributions to the field of pharmacology. By synthesizing
one of the first potent and selective aromatase inhibitors
for applications in breast cancer, he laid the foundation
for the development of a class of clinically valuable
therapeutics for the condition. He also has designed and
synthesized a variety of steroids that have demonstrated
great utility in the functional analysis of interactions
between the nervous system and the endocrine glands, as
well as the pathways of cell signaling.
J. Richard Gaintner
Gainesville, Fla.
Richard Gaintner has been instrumental in the shaping
of academic medical centers in this country. Following his
departure from the University of Connecticut, he returned
to Johns Hopkins, where he strengthened the relationship
between the hospital and the School of Medicine. Two years
later, he joined Albany Medical College as president and
CEO, then moved to Harvard-affiliated Deaconess Hospital in
Boston, where he again was president and CEO. After serving
for four years as CEO of Shands Hospital at the University
of Florida, he went into a brief retirement, returning to
the medical field as executive vice president for health
sciences at Georgetown. Illness forced him to end his
illustrious career in 2002.
Pascal J. Goldschmidt
Durham, N.C.
Pascal Goldschmidt is widely considered one of the
nation's leading physician-scientists in the field of
cardiovascular medicine. As a researcher, he discovered a
now well-recognized platelet receptor polymorphism, a
significant factor in heart attacks. He also uncovered
several cellular pathways that cause human disease. He
served as director of Johns Hopkins' Henry Ciccarone Center
for the Prevention of Heart Diseases, Thrombosis Center and
Bernard Vascular Biology Laboratory. After winning numerous
prestigious awards, Goldschmidt was recruited to direct
Ohio State University's Heart and Lung Institute. In 2000,
he was recruited to head the internationally recognized
cardiology program at Duke University. In 2003, he became
chairman of the Duke Department of Medicine.
David S. Guzick
Rochester, N.Y.
A national and international leader in the field of
reproductive endocrinology, David Guzick has been
recognized as an expert in the epidemiology, pathogenesis
and management of endometriosis and polycystic ovary
syndrome among infertile women. He is currently both the
principal investigator of the K12 Women's Reproductive
Health Research Career Center and dean of the School of
Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Rochester
Medical Center. He has published more than 100 articles in
the fields of obstetrics and gynecology, infertility and
reproductive endocrinology.
Steven A. Leibel
New York City
Steven Leibel has been a pioneer in the development
and clinical application of new radiation therapy
techniques in the treatment of malignant brain tumors, as
well as other pioneering clinical treatments. His efforts
have transformed the way patients with prostate cancer are
managed with radiation. In addition to his research
breakthroughs, Leibel has trained some of the best young
leaders in the field. His many honors include winning the
2002 Gold Medal of the American Society for Therapeutic
Radiology and Oncology, the society's highest award. He is
currently chair of the Department of Radiation Oncology at
Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
R. John Leigh
Cleveland, Ohio
In the Neurology and Biomedical Engineering
departments at Case Western Reserve University, John Leigh
has built an outstanding program in the study of eye
movements, inquiring deeply into the relationship between
vision and balance. He has written the definitive textbook
on the neurology of eye movements. Clinical applications of
Leigh's research have been published in Neurology,
Ophthalmology and the best basic science journals. He holds
an endowed chair at Case Western Reserve and was named the
Annual Visiting "Brain" Scholar at Imperial College,
London, for 2003. His contributions span basic science,
clinical science and clinical practice.
Sverre O. Lie
Oslo, Norway
Sverre Lie has had a long and distinguished career at
the National Hospital of Norway, where he has been in the
departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Research since
1967. He has developed pioneering diagnoses and treatments
for pediatric cancer and is the lead author on an 18-year
study of the treatment of leukemia in children. In the late
1990s, he oversaw the design and construction of a modern
children's hospital in Oslo. His honors include membership
in the Norwegian Academy of Science, honorary fellowship in
the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health in Great
Britain and a knighthood (Order of St. Olav) bestowed by
the king of Norway.
Nubia Munoz
Lyon, France
Nubia Munoz' work at the International Agency for
Research on Cancer in Lyon, France, and with teams across
the world led to establishing the relationship between the
human papillomavirus and cervical cancers. This recognition
of a viral cause of cervical cancer has led to the
development of vaccines that would prevent these infections
and that hold promise for the control and possible
elimination of this cancer.
Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
Baltimore, Md
Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg has achieved a fruitful
balance between excellence in research and clarity and
quality in teaching. She has made major contributions to
the direction of tumor immunology and has developed
relevant animal models for translating her research into
the clinical area. In addition, she has made a major
commitment to teaching and mentoring students in her field.
Ostrand-Rosenberg presently holds the Robert and Jane
Meyerhoff Chair of Biochemistry at the University of
Maryland, Baltimore County.
Alan Pestronk
St. Louis, Mo.
Alan Pestronk's research involves a wide variety of
autoimmune and genetic diseases of nerves and muscles. His
findings have led to improved diagnosis as well as
treatment of these diseases. At Johns Hopkins, Pestronk
collaborated closely with
Daniel B. Drachman and John Griffin. He played a key role
in elucidating the best understood human autoimmune
disease, myasthenia gravis. In addition, he studied factors
that determined nerve regeneration. His work here shaped
the course of his career, which focuses on the
immunological basis of neurological disorders. A professor
in the departments of Neurology and Pathology at Washington
University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Pestronk also
created the most widely used Internet textbook of
Neurology, which is used by more than 2,000 people each
day.
John Milton Peters
Los Angeles, Calif
Since completing his medical internship at Johns
Hopkins, John Milton Peters has dedicated nearly 40 years
to studying the effects of the environment on respiratory
health, from the effects of secondhand smoke to the causes
of childhood leukemia. Most recently, he led the Children's
Health Study, measuring the impact of air pollution on
thousands of children in southern California. The results
have led to new regulations for air quality. Peters is
director of the Division of Occupational and Environmental
Health at the University of Southern California School of
Medicine.
Andrew Weiland
New York City
Andrew Weiland is an upper extremity surgeon who has
made major contributions in the management of patients with
traumatic and reconstructive problems. He is especially
known for his work in microvascular surgery, which has
significantly improved the care of patients with traumatic
amputations and difficult reconstructive problems. He also
is a talented educator who has mentored numerous
individuals. In addition to clinical and teaching
contributions, he has been a superb leader, having made
major impacts in many societies, including the American
Orthopaedic Association, the American Board of Orthopaedic
Surgery and the American Hand Society.
Garen J. Wintemute
Sacramento, Calif.
Garen Wintemute is recognized as one of the nation's
foremost scholars addressing violence as a public health
problem. Time magazine named him a Hero in Medicine, and he
is the recipient of many awards from professional and
academic societies. In addition to being director of the
Violence Prevention Research Program at the University of
California, Davis, he is a practicing emergency physician
and has served as a consultant for the World Health
Organization, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, and the American Red Cross.
Bjorn Afzelius
Stockholm, Sweden
Dr. Afzelius has made seminal contributions to the
understanding
of the motility of sperm and cilia. A professor emeritus at
Stockholm University, he has trained a large number of
people in
the use of electron microscopy for biomedical research. Dr.
Afzelius has published 250 scientific papers and has
written
books on spermatology, cell biology, and biomedical
electron
microscopy.
Appiah Amirtharajah
Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. Amirtharajah is among a small group of the very best
environmental engineers and practitioners in the field of
potable
water treatment and supply. Using innovative physical and
chemical technologies, his work has improved the health of
people
throughout the world, across geographical and cultural
boundaries. Over the past 25 years, Dr. Amirtharajah has
been a
mentor for his students and a valued colleague for others
working
to provide safe, reliable, and affordable water
supplies.
Eric W. Fonkalsrud
Santa Monica, Calif.
For decades, Dr. Fonkalsrud has been one of the outstanding
leaders in pediatric surgery. During his 35-year tenure as
chief
of pediatric surgery at the University of California, Los
Angeles, School of Medicine, Dr. Fonkalsrud developed an
active
clinical and research program in the management of
inflammatory
bowel disease in children and adults. He was among the
developers
of the ileoanal pouch procedure for patients with
ulcerative
colitis.
James D. Griffin
Boston, Massachusetts
Chair of the Department of Medical Oncology at the
Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute, Dr. Griffin is internationally recognized
for
his research in the clinical and biologic aspects of
hemotologic
malignancies, or cancers of the blood cells. He was chosen
to
lead his department because of his vision and compassion;
more
than 100,000 patients visit his department's clinics each
year.
Dr. Griffin is a professor at Harvard Medical School.
Arthur P. Grollman
Stony Brook, New York
Dr. Grollman is director of the Zickler Laboratory of
Chemical
Biology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook,
where
he explores the relationship between the structure of
damaged DNA
and the enzymes involved in repairing it. Dr. Grollman's
studies
have contributed to our understanding of the aging process
and
are used in developing cancer-fighting chemotherapeutic
drugs. He
is a professor of medicine, experimental medicine, and
pharmacological sciences.
William G. Kaelin Jr.
Boston, Massachusetts
A Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, Dr. Kaelin
works
to discover why mutations of tumor-suppressing genes cause
cancer. His work provides insight into the genetic factors
that
make people more likely to develop the disease, and he is
developing innovative molecularly targeted cancer therapy.
Dr.
Kaelin is a professor in the Department of Medicine at the
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and at Brigham and Women's
Hospital,
Harvard Medical School.
Kenneth A. Krackow
Buffalo, New York
Dr. Krackow is the clinical director of the Buffalo General
Hospital Department of Orthopaedics and well-known in his
field
as an innovator and teacher. In October 2001, he performed
the
first computer-assisted total knee replacement in North
America,
using a surgical navigation system he developed to assist
surgeons locate exact points within the body.
Frederick Hamilton Linthicum Jr.
Los Angeles, Calif.
Dr. Linthicum has helped millions of people affected by
hearing
loss and balance problems through his dedicated study of
pathology in the human temporal bone, which contains the
organs
responsible for hearing and balance. His roles as teacher
and
mentor have further amplified his contributions to the
field of
otology. Dr. Linthicum is director of the Temporal Bone
Histopathology Laboratory at the House Ear Institute in Los
Angeles, where he has been an affiliate since 1957.
Kevin G. Rice
Iowa City, Iowa
As a National Institutes of Health postdoctoral fellow, Dr.
Rice
spent three years at Johns Hopkins studying the
relationships
between carbohydrates and carbohydrate-binding proteins.
His work
has become a highly respected classic in the field. Now a
professor and division head of medicinal and natural
products
chemistry at the College of Pharmacy at the University of
Iowa
(his alma mater), Dr. Rice has trained many Ph.D.'s and
postdoctoral fellows. In 2001, he earned the American
Chemical
Society's Horace S. Isbell Award, a coveted award bestowed
only
to scientists under 40 years old, for his development and
application of targeted gene delivery systems, based on
carbohydrate-recognition in biological systems.
Ira Michael Rutkow
Freehold, New Jersey
Dr. Rutkow is one of the world's eminent historians of
surgery.
His book American Surgery: An Illustrated History was named
a
Notable Book of the Year in 1994 by The New York Times Book
Review. He is an internationally known teacher and founder
of The
Hernia Center, the nation's only private hernia hospital,
where
he uses techniques that reduce patient discomfort and speed
recovery. Surgeons from all over the world visit the center
to
learn from Dr. Rutkow.
Terrence J. Sejnowski
La Jolla, Calif.
A world leader in the field of computational neuroscience,
Dr.
Sejnowski did research at Johns Hopkins that laid the
foundation
for the field of neural network analysis. In 1982, he
became an
assistant professor of biophysics at Johns Hopkins, where
he
received the Presidential Young Investigator Award. Today,
Dr.
Sejnowski is director of the Institute for Neural
Computation at
the University of California, San Diego. He is also head of
the
Computational Neurobiology Laboratory at the Salk
Institute.
Robert Skidelsky,
Lord Skidelsky of Tilton
East Sussex, England Lord Skidelsky is an economist and
historian
and author of the definitive biography of economist John
Maynard
Keynes. A professor of economics at the University of
Warwick in
England, he has also written extensively on several topics
in
20th-century history, most recently on Russia and Eastern
Europe
after communism.
Leigh Thompson
Charleston, South Carolina
Dr. Thompson is one of the country's leading clinical
pharmacologists. At Eli Lilly and Co., he led development
of
major new therapeutic entities including the first
recombinant
DNA product, human insulin. During his clinical training
and
faculty time at Johns Hopkins, he initiated the first
intensive
care unit and developed hydroxyethyl starch as a blood
substitute.
Herbert F. Voigt
Boston, Massachusetts
A professor of biomedical engineering at Boston University,
Dr.
Voigt has contributed greatly to the understanding of the
mechanics of human hearing. In recognition of his
leadership in
the field, he was elected president of the Biomedical
Engineering
Society in 1999 and was a co-recipient of the Biomedical
Engineering Society's 2002 Presidential Award. Dr. Voigt
also
writes "Scientifically Speaking," a general interest
science and
technology column for the Milton Times, a community
newspaper in
Massachusetts.
Paul Kieran Whelton
New Orleans, Louisiana
Dr. Whelton spent most of his professional career at Johns
Hopkins, rising through the ranks to become a professor of
epidemiology and medicine. Throughout his career, he has
made
numerous contributions to our understanding of how to
prevent
heart disease, renal disease, and hypertension. Along with
Dr.
Leon Gordis, Dr. Whelton is credited with starting the
Welch
Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research
at
Johns Hopkins. Dr. Whelton is now senior vice president for
Health Sciences at Tulane University and was previously
dean of
the Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical
Medicine.
Daniel J.
Auerbach, senior manager and research staff member, IBM
Almaden Research Center, San Jose, Calif.
At Hopkins: Assistant professor in the Department of
Chemistry, 1975 to 1978. Nominator: Paul J. Dagdigian,
Krieger School of Arts and Sciences.
Best known for his work on the dynamical aspects of
atomic and molecular interactions with solid surfaces,
Daniel Auerbach pioneered the application of molecular beam
and laser techniques to surface science problems, opening
up
exciting new areas of study. His research has spanned a
broad range of topics in atomic, molecular and optical
physics; chemical physics; surface chemistry; and condensed
matter physics. In addition to his scientific achievements,
he has played an important management role at IBM, where he
has been involved in developing programs in magnetic
storage, microelectronics, displays and computation.
Robert M.
Blizzard, chairman emeritus, Department of Pediatrics,
University of Virginia School of Medicine; chief emeritus,
Children's Medical Center, University of Virginia Medical
Center; president, Genentech Foundation for Growth and
Development, Charlottesville, Va.
At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Department of
Pediatrics,
1955 to 1957; associate professor and professor, 1960 to
1973. Nominator: Michael A. Levine, School of Medicine.
Robert Blizzard has made multiple significant
contributions in the field of endocrinology. His careful
and
systematic clinical studies of patients with autoimmune
endocrine diseases enabled him to propose a classification
of polyglandular autoimmune diseases that is now
internationally accepted. He has also elucidated the
critical role that growth hormone plays in childhood,
adolescence and aging. This work led to the controversial
notion, now generally accepted, that growth hormone
replacement is necessary throughout life.
Thomas A.
Cebula, director, Office of Applied Research and Safety
Assessment, Food and Drug Administration.
At Hopkins: graduate student in the department of
Biology,
1973 to 1977; postdoctoral fellow in the departments of
Infectious Diseases and Microbiology (now Molecular Biology
and Genetics), 1977 to 1978. Nominator: Maurice J. Bessman,
Krieger School of Arts and Sciences.
With a strong and broad base in biochemistry,
microbiology, immunology and genetics, Thomas Cebula is one
of those rare investigators who have made important
contributions in basic as well as applied research. At the
Food and Drug Administration, he has had a profound effect
on public health issues by developing molecular methods for
the detection of pathogens in the environment and in the
food supply.
Leland W.K.
Chung, John Kluge Distinguished Professor of Urology,
Biochemistry, Hematology/Oncology and director of the
Molecular Urology and Therapeutics Program, Emory
University
School of Medicine.
At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Department of
Pharmacology
and Experimental Therapeutics (now Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences) and the James Buchanan Brady Urological
Institute, 1969 to 1972. Nominator: Donald S. Coffey,
School
of Medicine.
An outstanding international leader in the field of
urological research, Leland Chung developed the first model
of human prostate cancer metastasis. That has led to a new
form of gene therapy for prostate cancer that now is in
clinical trials and shows great promise. A professor at
Emory University, he has won the Ben Rogers Award for
Excellence in Research at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center,
the State of Georgia Distinguished Cancer Clinician and
Scientist Award and the prestigious Wu Jieping Medical
Science Award from the Chinese government.
John F.
Ferguson, professor of civil engineering, University of
Washington.
At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow in the Department of
Geography and Environmental Engineering, 1970 to 1974.
Nominator: Edward J. Bouwer, Whiting School of
Engineering.
In the field of water quality engineering, John
Ferguson's research contributions span several areas,
including microbial and chemical processes in anaerobic
treatment and advanced biological treatment systems. His
work on biological treatment processes for controlling
hazardous wastes is providing treatment options that
promise
to reduce the risks to the public and the environment. In
addition to conducting meritorious research, he is
dedicated
to teaching and working with students, many of whom will be
among the next generation of exemplary environmental
engineers.
Mohamed
Gad-el-Hak, professor of aerospace and mechanical
engineering, University of Notre Dame.
At Hopkins: graduate student in the Department of
Mechanics
(now Mechanical Engineering), 1968 to 1972, and
postdoctoral
fellow in the Department of Mechanics and Materials Science
(now Mechanical Engineering), 1973. Nominator: Andrea
Prosperetti, Whiting School of Engineering.
Winner of the Alexander von Humboldt Prize, Germany's
highest prize for U.S. scientists and researchers, Mohamed
Gad-el-Hak is well known for advancing several important
and
novel diagnostic tools for turbulent flows and for
discovering the efficient mechanism by which a turbulent
spot rapidly grows by destabilizing a surrounding laminar
flow. He has also worked on many other important flow
problems and in particular, most recently, in the new area
of micro-fluid mechanics.
Ibrahim A.
Gambari, undersecretary-general and special adviser on
Africa, the United Nations Secretariat.
At Hopkins: visiting professor, African Studies
Program at
SAIS, 1986 to 1989. Nominator: Gilbert M. Khadiagala,
SAIS.
In a long and distinguished career, Ibrahim Gambari has
traveled widely and served with distinction as both a
diplomat and a scholar. Prior to joining the U.N.
Secretariat, he was Nigeria's longest serving
ambassador/permanent representative to the United Nations.
As a scholar, he has published a number of books on foreign
policy-making, economics and African politics, including
Theory and Reality in Foreign Policy Decision Making, which
is an insightful account of his tenure as foreign minister
of Nigeria. He has taught at SAIS, Georgetown and the
Brookings Institution and is the founder of the Savannagh
Centre for Diplomacy, a think tank in Nigeria devoted to
analyzing and solving problems in Africa.
Melvin M.
Grumbach, E.B. Shaw Professor of Pediatrics Emeritus,
University of California, San Francisco.
At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, School of Medicine
at the
Harriet Lane Home, 1953 to 1955. Nominator: Michael A.
Levine, School of Medicine.
As a leader in research on the hormonal control of
growth and maturation, Melvin Grumbach has studied the
development and function of the human endocrine and
neuroendocrine systems from fetal life through puberty. His
current research is focused on deciphering gene mutations
that affect the growth and maturation of bones as well as
sexual development. He is also past president of the
Endocrine Society, the American Pediatric Society and the
Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society.
Willa A.
Hsueh, professor of medicine and chief of the Division
of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, University of
California, Los Angeles.
At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Division of
Endocrinology
and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 1973 to 1976.
Nominator: Paul W. Ladenson, School of Medicine.
Willa Hsueh directs a major research team investigating
the impact of diabetes and other metabolic factors on the
cardiovascular system. Her projects span the spectrum of
translational research from bench to animal cage to
bedside.
She is highly respected and internationally recognized as
having made important contributions to the understanding of
the metabolic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of
atherosclerotic vascular disease. She is also an
accomplished medical educator and mentors a number of
junior
faculty and fellows in clinical and bench research.
Gerald A.
Klassen, emeritus professor, emeritus university vice
president and emeritus department chair, Dalhousie
University in Nova Scotia.
At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, 1963 to 1965.
Nominator:
Kenneth Zierler, School of Medicine.
A major figure in Canadian medicine, Gerald Klassen is
a retired professor of medicine, chairman of the Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, and vice president for
academic and research affairs at Dalhousie University in
Nova Scotia. A past president of the Canadian Society of
Clinical Investigation, Klassen holds several patents on
instruments for medical research and presides over a
company
he founded for their manufacture. He helped develop a
method
for studying regional myocardial mechanics in man, and he
developed a laser Doppler method for studies in the beating
heart, with which he found that a major determinant of
myocardial blood flow is the folding of red blood cells by
heart muscle cells.
Mark A.
Klebanoff, director, Division of Epidemiology,
Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institutes of
Health.
At Hopkins: M.P.H. student, 1982 to 1983; taught
reproductive epidemiology in the Department of Population
Dynamics, 1985 to 1997; currently part-time faculty in the
Department of Population and Family Health Sciences.
Nominators: Bernard Guyer and Ronald Gray, Bloomberg School
of Public Health.
In work that is widely cited and which has had
important implications on national policy, Mark Klebanoff
has conducted epidemiologic research in maternal and child
health, demonstrating that a woman's own birth weight and
gestational age affect the risk of low birth weight and
preterm birth in her offspring. He is also noted for his
contributions to several randomized trials on the
prevention
of preeclampsia and effects of the control of infection
during pregnancy on preterm delivery and low birth weight.
Klebanoff has worked for the National Institute of Child
Health and Human Development since 1987 and in 1999 was
named the director of the NICHD's Division of Epidemiology,
Statistics and Prevention Research.
Giovanni
Romeo, professor of medical genetics, University of
Bologna Medical School.
At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Department of
Pediatrics,
Division of Genetics, 1968 to 1971. Nominator: Victor A.
McKusick, School of Medicine.
Giovanni Romeo's research has been wide-ranging in the
study of human genetics and genetic disorders with almost
300 publications. He has organized a short course in
medical
genetics that is the European equivalent of the Bar Harbor
Course of Johns Hopkins and The Jackson Laboratory. At the
University of Bologna, he is developing an institute of
genetic medicine to advance the fields of genetics and
genomics in Italy. A collaboration with the
McKusick-Nathans
Institute of Genetic Medicine at Hopkins promises to forge
another relationship of Johns Hopkins with Bologna.
Larry A.
Sargent, chairman, Department of Plastic Surgery,
University of Tennessee.
At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow in general surgery,
1977
to
1979, and plastic surgery, 1980 to 1983. Nominator: Paul N.
Manson, School of Medicine.
Larry Sargent has distinguished himself as an educator,
surgeon and mentor and is one of the most prominent program
directors and craniofacial surgeons in the nation. While he
was a resident in plastic surgery, the technical
superiority
of his facial fracture repair results became known, and
some
of the original work on complex facial fracture injury
repair, orbital reconstruction and nasoethmoid repair was
written. He is founder and director of the nationally
recognized Tennessee Craniofacial Center, which is one of
the best known in the country for the excellence of its
results. His skill as a surgeon and the technical
excellence
of his results are acknowledged universally among plastic
surgeons and serve as a standard for his profession. He has
also been active in the design of new equipment and
techniques that benefit the entire community.
Barry Shane,
professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences and
Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley.
At Hopkins: assistant and associate professor,
Department
of
Biochemistry (now Biochemistry and Molecular Biology), 1977
to 1985. Nominator: Roger McMacken, Bloomberg School of
Public Health.
Barry Shane is internationally recognized for his
groundbreaking research on folic acid and other
water-soluble vitamins. He and his research group have
cloned many of the human genes encoding the key enzymes in
the regulation of folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism
and
have identified influences in these genes that affect the
risk of vascular disease, cancer and birth defects. He has
collaborated extensively with epidemiologists to evaluate
the public health implications of his findings. Shane is a
recipient of the Mead Johnson Award from the American
Institute of Nutrition.
Lynne S.
Wilcox, director, Division of Reproductive Health,
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion, Center for Disease Control
At Hopkins: M.P.H. program and postdoctoral
fellowship in
Maternal and Child Health (now Population and Family Health
Sciences), 1986 to 1988. Nominator: Donna M. Strobino,
Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Lynne Wilcox's research has focused on several women's
reproductive health concerns, including the effects of
tubal
sterilization on the health of women and the population
variations in hysterectomy rates. While she has made many
contributions, she is best known for her work on the effect
of assisted reproductive technology on pregnancy and
multiple birth risk. This work has greatly contributed to
understanding the magnitude of the technology's effect on
multiple births and, in turn, the rate of low-weight births
in the country.
Gordon Leslie Ada, visiting fellow, Division of
Immunology
and
Cell Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research,
Australian
National University.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in
the
Department of Molecular
Microbiology and Immunology, 1988-91. Nominated by Noel
R.
Rose, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
One of the world's most distinguished
virologists and
immunologists, Gordon Ada did landmark research on the
localization of antigen during the early stages of the
immune
response. Under his leadership, the Department of
Microbiology at
the John Curtin School in Canberra, Australia, became an
international center for the study of the immune response
to
viral infections, work for which colleagues of his received
a
Nobel Prize. Ada also has been a leader in the development
of
vaccines worldwide. While at Johns Hopkins, he served as
director
of the Center for AIDS Research.
Theodore A. Bickart, retired president, Colorado
School of
Mines, Golden, Colo.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in
the
Department of Electrical
Engineering (now Electrical and Computer Engineering),
1960-61. Nominated by C.R. Westgate, Whiting School of
Engineering.
Fourteenth president of the Colorado
School of
Mines and
former dean of engineering at Syracuse and Michigan State
universities, Theodore Bickart achieved national prominence
as a
leader in engineering education. He was the driving force
behind
a new accreditation process that has impacted engineering
programs worldwide.
Ron F. Blackwelder, professor, Department of
Aerospace
Engineering, University of Southern California.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the
Department of
Mechanics (now
the Department of Mechanical Engineering), May to September
1970.
Nominated by Andrea Prosperetti, Whiting School of
Engineering.
Ron Blackwelder has made seminal contributions in the areas
of turbulence, flow stability, drag reduction and
instrumentation, and his contribution to particle image
velocimetry was instrumental in placing this technique at
the
forefront of contemporary experimental fluid mechanics. In
addition, Blackwelder has played an active role in
practical
aspects of aerodynamics, including the relationship between
the
flow ingested by aircraft engines and their performance.
Linda R. Gooding, professor of microbiology and
immunology,
Emory University School of Medicine.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the
Department of
Biology,
1972-74. Nominated by Michael Eddin, Krieger School of Arts
and
Sciences.
Linda Gooding has made important contributions in
understanding the immune response to viruses and was the
first to
show how virus antigens are presented to immune effector
cells.
Her work has provided key insights into the cell biology of
immune responses and assists with the treatment of virus
infection and the use of small DNA viruses for gene
therapy.
Robert J. Gould, vice president, Merck Research
Laboratories,
West Point, Pa.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the
Department of
Neuroscience, 1981-84. Nominated by Solomon H. Snyder,
School
of Medicine.
As vice president of pharmacology at the Merck Research
Laboratories, Robert Gould has played an important role in
developing a major new anti-clotting drug, Aggrastat, which
has
already decreased the incidence of heart attack and death
in
patients with coronary artery disease. He is regarded as
one of
the top cardiovascular research directors in the
pharmaceutical
industry.
Michael A. Hayes, professor of mathematical physics
in the
Department of Mathematical Physics, University College
Dublin.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the
Mechanics Department
(now
the Department of Mechanical Engineering), 1961-62.
Nominated by
Marc Parlange, Whiting School of Engineering.
A professor in the Department of Mathematical Physics at
University College Dublin, Michael Hayes has done
pioneering work
in all areas of mechanics. In particular, his work on wave
propagation in materials, deformation of materials and
fluid
mechanics has had implications for virtually all branches
of
engineering and applied mathematics.
Haig H. Kazazian Jr., Seymour Gray Professor of
Molecular
Medicine in Genetics and chairman, Department of Genetics,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow, 1964-66;
JHH house
staff,
1968-69. Nominated by Barbara R. Migeon, School of
Medicine.
Chairman of the Department of Genetics at the University of
Pennsylvania, Haig Kazazian is an outstanding medical
geneticist,
teacher and creative experimentalist who has contributed
extensively to our knowledge of the molecular basis of
human
genetic disease.
Herbert Lepor, professor and Martin Spatz Chairman
of
Urology,
New York University School of Medicine.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the
Department of
Urology,
1981-85. Nominated by Patrick C. Walsh, School of
Medicine.
Herbert Lepor is a pioneer in the development of medical
treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. His
contributions
include characterization of alpha receptors in the smooth
muscle
of the prostate and development of clinical trials that
demonstrated the superiority of alpha-blockers over the
other
common form of medical management. At age 37, he was named
chairman of Urology at New York University, where he has
developed one of the finest academic urology programs in
the
nation.
David M. Ozonoff, professor and chair, Boston
University
School of Public Health.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the
Department of International
Health, 1968. Nominated by John D. Groopman, Bloomberg
School
of Public Health.
David Ozonoff, chair of the Department of Environmental
Health at the Boston University School of Public Health,
has been
internationally recognized for his pioneering work in
studying
health risks to communities from exposures to toxic
chemicals.
This work is a model for communities faced with the
consequences
of hazardous waste contamination.
Peter Safar, Distinguished Professor of
Resuscitation
Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research,
University of
Pittsburgh.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the
Department
of
Anesthesiology, 1954-61. Nominated by Roger A. Johns,
School
of Medicine.
A native of Vienna, Austria, Peter Safar spent many years
in
Baltimore at Johns Hopkins and Baltimore City Hospitals. It
was
during those years that his work on cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
developed into the life-saving techniques commonly referred
to as
CPR. His long and illustrious career has seen him establish
three
academic anesthesiology departments and make countless
contributions to emergency medicine and helping save
people's
lives following cardiac arrest.
Konrad Sandhoff, professor and director, Department
of
Biochemistry, Kekule-Institute for Organic Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bonn.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the
Department of
Biology,
1972-74. Nominated by Saul Roseman, Krieger School of Arts
and
Sciences.
In the field of lysosomal storage diseases, one of which
bears his name, Konrad Sandhoff has clearly established
himself
as the preeminent leader in the field. His laboratory has
played
a principal role in elucidating the pathways of synthesis
and
degradation of these compounds, which permits identifying
the
genetic defect at the molecular level. His work has very
important clinical implications.
George Scangos, president and chief executive
officer,
Exelixis Inc., South San Francisco.
At Hopkins: Assistant professor, 1980-86, and
associate
professor, July to December 1986, in the
Department of
Biology.
Nominated by Victor Corces, Eaton E. Lattman and E.N.
Moudrianakis, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, and
Thomas J.
Kelly Jr., School of Medicine.
George Scangos was one of a team of three scientists to
generate the first transgenic mouse. This breakthrough and
the
applications of it, as pioneered by Scangos over several
years,
paved the way for the current developments in molecular
diagnostics, gene therapy and the development of protein
drugs
and other pharmaceuticals. He has made major contributions
in
basic science as well as in applied biotechnology and is
currently president and CEO of a groundbreaking biotech
company,
Exelixis.
Mark Schiffman, chief, Interdisciplinary Studies
Section,
Environmental Epidemiology Branch. Division of Cancer
Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,
National
Institutes of Health.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the
Department of
Epidemiology, 1983-84. Nominated by Keerti V. Shah and
Kenrad
E. Nelson, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Mark Schiffman has made major contributions in the field of
human papillomaviruses, or HPV, and cancer of the cervix.
He
played a key role in establishing the link between the HPV
infection and cervical cancer and now heads an effort to
evaluate
a candidate vaccine for the prevention of cervical
neoplasia.
Huntington Sheldon, retired Strathcona Professor of
Pathology,
McGill University.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the
Department of
Pathology,
1956-59. Nominated by Richard S. Ross, School of
Medicine.
As professor of pathology at McGill University for many
years, Huntington Sheldon is known for his innovative
research,
which combined electron microscopy and histochemistry and
that
led to the discovery of extracellular localization of
alkaline
phosphatase. At McGill, he also was well known as a
teacher, and
his autopsy conference was very popular with medical
students.
Sheldon published widely, including a textbook of pathology
for
health professionals that is in its 12th edition.
Vernon T. Tolo, chairman, Department of Orthopedic
Surgery,
Children's Hospital of Los Angeles.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the
Department of
Orthopaedic
Surgery, 1971-75. Nominated by F.J. Frassica, School of
Medicine.
As chairman of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the
Children's Hospital in Los Angeles, Vernon Tolo has made
major
contributions to pediatric orthopedic spine surgery,
pediatric
skeletal trauma and professional development. His work on
spinal
stenosis in achondroplasia, and other spinal problems, has
made
treatment safer and more effective. He has built an
outstanding
academic department whose work has advanced the fields of
trauma
treatment, cerebral palsy and children's bone tumors.
The following two scholars who were inducted in absentia
in
2000 (see 2000 listing) also will participate in the
ceremony.
Tom Ryan DeMeester, professor of general and
cardiothoracic surgery and chairman of the Department of
Surgery,
University of Southern California School of Medicine.
Wolfgang Kollmann, professor, Department of
Mechanical
Engineering, University of California, Davis.
James G. Brasseur,
professor of mechanical engineering and bioengineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State
University.
At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Department of
Chemical
Engineering, 1983-85. Nominated by Daniel Q. Naiman.
As a professor of engineering and
bioengineering, James
Brasseur has achieved an international reputation for
excellence
in two disparate areas of research: turbulence physics and
the
physiology and mechanics of the gastrointestinal tract. His
work
on turbulence has been recognized by many, including the
Isaac
Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at Cambridge
University. He is an engineer whose research into the
motility of
the pharynx, upper sphincter, esophagus and stomach is
well-known
in the medical community.
Tom R. Ryan
DeMeester, professor of general and cardiothoracic
surgery
and chairman of the Department of Surgery, University of
Southern
California School of Medicine.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral research fellow in
transplantation biology, 1967-68. Nominated by John L.
Cameron.
Tom DeMeester has made more contributions
to
the
understanding of the pathophysiology of esophageal disease
and
the diagnosis and treatment of both benign and malignant
esophageal diseases than any other surgeon in the world. An
expert on gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's
esophagus
and Barrett's adenocarcinoma, DeMeester has been in the
forefront
of a small group of individuals who have contributed both
clinical and laboratory information concerning the
evolution of
Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's adenocarcinoma.
Malcolm Paul Weston
Godfrey, retired chairman of the United Medical and
Dental
Schools Council, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and
Medical
Schools (now Wing's College), London.
At Hopkins: Fellow in medicine, 1957-59. Nominated
by
Richard S. Ross.
Malcolm Paul Weston Godfrey has had a
distinguished career
in the United Kingdom, serving in a number of high-level
positions administering health care and research. He served
as
dean of the Royal Postgraduate Medical School at the
University
of London and also became chair of the Council of Governors
of
United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St. Thomas'
Hospitals. Throughout his career he has been interested in
the
development of the National Health Service and the
partnership
between service and medical and dental teaching and
research, and
he has contributed to the evolution of the Health Service
and to
the integration of academic medicine with that
organization.
David Karzon,
emeritus professor of pediatrics, microbiology and
immunology,
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in virology,
Department of
Medicine, 1948-50. Nominated by Noel R. Rose.
David Karzon achieved widespread fame for
his
seminal
studies on the Newcastle disease virus in chickens and the
canine
distemper virus. He worked on safely introducing the polio
vaccine and was one of the first to identify so-called
orphan
viruses known as the ECHO group. He remains a national
authority
on viral immunology and vaccinology and is often consulted
on
issues of vaccine safety.
David W. Kennedy,
professor and chairman, Department of Otolaryngology-Head
and
Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical
Center.
At Hopkins: Assistant resident in surgery, assistant
resident in otolaryngology and chief resident in
otolaryngology,
1973-78. Nominated by Charles W. Cummings.
David Kennedy is regarded as the premiere
rhinologist in the
United States today. His surgical talents are
internationally
recognized and, as head of the Department of
Otolaryngology-Head
and Neck Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania, he has
led
that department to the top echelon of academic medical
centers.
Wolfgang Kollmann,
professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University
of
California, Davis.
At Hopkins: Fellow in the Department of Mechanics
and
Materials Science, 1973-75. Nominated by Marc Parlange and
Charles Meneveau.
Recognized as a world leader in the study
of
turbulence,
turbulent combustion and numerical simulation of turbulent
flows,
Wolfgang Kollmann has over the past 25 years advanced the
state
of the art in the solution of important engineering
problems
associated with complex flows. His work is used by leading
government and private laboratories and is taught today in
advanced graduate courses in universities worldwide.
Louis Lasagna, dean
of the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences; dean
for
scientific affairs, School of Medicine; professor of
psychiatry
(clinical pharmacology); professor of pharmacology;
chairman of
the board and adjunct scholar, Tufts Center for the Study
of Drug
Development, Tufts University.
At Hopkins: Assistant and instructor in the
Department of
Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of
Medicine,
1950-52. Nominated by Reubin Andres.
Louis Lasagna is generally acknowledged
as the
father of
clinical pharmacology. His 1954 paper on the placebo
response was
selected by the editors of The Lancet as one of the
landmark
papers of the 20th-century in the canon of Western
medicine.
Another paper written early in his career, on the
controlled
clinical trial, also has become a classic. His remarkable
career
has delved deeply into areas of clinical trial methodology,
analgesics and hypnotics as well as the placebo effect, and
his
work has made major contributions to medical education.
Bennie I. Osburn,
dean of the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of
California, Davis.
At Hopkins: Special research fellow in
ophthalmology,
1968-70. Nominated by Arthur M. Silverstein.
With the publication of more than 260
scientific
publications since his time at Hopkins, Bennie Osburn has
made
many significant contributions to both veterinary and human
pathology and medicine, especially in the pathogenesis of
viral
diseases, in the comparative pathology in infection and the
immune response. His work on veterinary pathology and
veterinary
immunology has earned him an international reputation. He
also
has had a distinguished career in administration, serving
as dean
of the Davis School of Veterinary Medicine at the
University of
California since 1996.
Hanna Reisler,
professor of chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University
of
Southern California.
At Hopkins: IAEA research fellow, Chemistry
Department,
1972-74. Nominated by Paul J. Dagdigian.
Hanna Reisler's seminal contributions are
in
the area of
photo-initiated reaction dynamics of small molecules in the
gas
phase. Her approach of devising novel and incisive
experiments to
examine fundamental concepts that can be modeled by
high-level
theoretical treatments has had a major impact on the field
of
molecular photodissociation dynamics. Her work on quantum
state
resolved unimolecular decomposition dynamics has provided
data
for rigorous tests of statistical theories under conditions
where
the initial state and excess energy are well-defined. In
influential work, she has tied together molecular quantum
fluctuation phenomena and statistical theories by
establishing
the fundamental relationship between molecular
interferences and
the random fluctuations observed in nuclear reactions.
Harry Schachter,
professor, Department of Biochemistry, Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, Canada.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of
Biology, 1966-68. Nominated by Saul Roseman.
Harry Schachter has made trail-blazing
contributions in the
field of glycobiology, one of the most difficult fields of
modern
biochemistry and cell biology. His work looks at the
complex
relationships of the carbohydrates and proteins that coat
cell
surfaces and allow living cells to recognize and
communicate with
one another.
Zohair Ahmed Sebai,
chairman, Arab Development Institute, Al-Khobar, Saudi
Arabia.
At Hopkins: Doctorate, School of Public Health,
1969.
Nominated by Haroutune K. Armenian.
Zohair Ahmed Sebai has made extraordinary
contributions to
the development of modern, effective public health programs
in
Saudi Arabia. His efforts were critical to the
establishment of
departments of community medicine and to adoption of
nontraditional approaches to medical education. As a
leading
public health official, he effectively used the mass media
to
educate the public on public health issues, and he has
helped
shape public health policy at the highest levels of his
government.
Craig Robert Smith,
president and chief executive officer of Guilford
Pharmaceuticals, Baltimore.
At Hopkins: Fellow in internal medicine, 1972-75.
Nominated by Michael J. Klag.
After completing his medical training at
Hopkins, Craig
Smith served as assistant chief of the Osler Medical
Service and
subsequently was chief of the Division of General Internal
Medicine. As co-founder and director of Guilford
Pharmaceuticals,
Smith has helped guide the company in researching and
developing
a number of important new medical treatments for
life-threatening
diseases, advancing medical science and building Guilford
Pharmaceuticals into a 200-employee business with $300
million in
market capitalization.
Ronald E. Smith,
Warren Professor and director of the Estelle Doheny Eye
Institute
and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern
California School of Medicine.
At Hopkins: Intern, School of Medicine; resident and
chief
resident, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, 1967-73.
Nominated
by Morton F. Goldberg.
Ronald Smith's numerous contributions to
our
understanding
of ocular inflammation have made him a clinician and
scientist of
international repute in the field of ophthalmology. His
expertise
extends to the medical and surgical management of corneal
and
external diseases of the eyes. He has been an important
educator
and proven leader in American ophthalmology, having served
as
president of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and
chairman
of the American Board of Ophthalmology.
Hiroshi Tomoda,
director of the Institute for Biological Function, the
Kitasato
Institute, Tokyo.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow, Department of
Biology and
the Kennedy Institute, 1987-89. Nominated by Yuan C.
Lee.
Hiroshi Tomoda's lifelong passion for
isolating
biomedically
useful microbial products has led him to discover compounds
that
promise to open new horizons in solving problems of
arteriosclerosis and even HIV infection, as well as
compounds
that are effective in lowering cholesterol levels. Holder
of more
than 20 patents on compounds, Tomoda not only has produced
practical products but provided insights into understanding
enzyme mechanisms.
Sharon Anne Whelan
Weiss, professor and vice chair of the Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University
Hospital.
At Hopkins: Intern, resident and chief resident,
1971-75.
Nominated by Fred Sanfilippo.
Sharon Anne Whelan Weiss is a leading
authority
in the field
of surgical pathology. As an investigator and diagnostic
pathologist, she has helped define the pathologic
characteristics
of numerous diseases, especially soft tissue tumors, and is
widely sought for her diagnostic expertise. Weiss also is a
noted
educator and academic leader, having served on the
editorial
boards of the American Journal of Surgical Pathology and
the
Journal of Clinical Pathology and as president of the
U.S.-Canadian Academy of Pathology.
Kenneth I. Berns, interim vice president for health
affairs and dean of the College of Medicine, University of
Florida; postdoctoral experience, Department of Molecular
Biology
and Genetics (formerly Department of Microbiology), School
of
Medicine, 1966-67; nominated by Thomas J. Kelly Jr.
Kenneth Berns has devoted most of his
scientific research
career to the study of the molecular basis of replication
of the
human parvovirus, adeno-associated virus. He has been a
major
contributor to our knowledge concerning the ability of AAV
to
establish latent infections in human cells and to be
reactivated
by adenovirus infection. His work was instrumental in
providing
the basis for the current interest in the use of this virus
as a
vector for gene therapy. He has served as president of the
American Society for Virology and the American Society of
Microbiology and is a member of the National Academy of
Sciences.
George A. Bray, executive director and professor,
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, La.;
postdoctoral experience, Department of Medicine, School of
Medicine, 1957-58; nominated by Simeon Margolis.
George Bray's interest in obesity began
with a
question
about the biological basis for inherited obesity. Using as
models
genetically obese mice and rats available when he was a
fellow
and faculty member at Tufts, he began a series of animal
studies
that have continued for 35 years. He has examined the
effects of
food restriction, dietary composition, insulin resistance
and the
administration of thyroid hormone, cholecystokinin and
various
anorectic drugs in rats obese due to genetic factors or
hypothalamic lesions. His laboratory studies have also
shown that
dietary fat intake can be selectively regulated either by a
pancreatic peptide (enterostatin) or by serotonin release
in the
brain. The results of these studies have provided an
understanding that one important cause of obesity is
defects in
the feedback system that regulates food intake. He then
used the
insights gained from these animal experiments to study
patients
with obesity in the clinic. Findings regarding the role of
monoamines in controlling food intake have contributed to
his
studies on the role of drugs that modulate
neurotransmitters as
possible treatments for obesity. He is the lead author on
the
multicenter study of subutramine, a drug that has just been
approved for the treatment of obesity in the United
States.
Robert M. Chanock, chief of the Laboratory of
Infectious
Diseases, Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
National
Institutes of Health; postdoctoral experience, Department
of
Epidemiology, School of Public Health, 1956-57; nominated
by
Diane E. Griffin.
Robert Chanock has had a career committed
to
the discovery
of the etiology of many respiratory diseases and to
developing
vaccines for virus diseases of children and adults. He was
responsible for the initial isolations of many respiratory
viruses, e.g., respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza
virus,
corona viruses and a number of strains of rhinovirus. He
also
was the first to isolate and characterize a new type of
infectious agent, mycoplasma. He defined most of what we
know
about the virologic and epidemiologic characteristics
and
the clinical spectrum of these infections. As chief of the
Laboratory of Infectious Diseases at the NIAID, he
currently
leads the largest U.S. program for developing new vaccines
for
important virus diseases of humans. He has trained many of
the
leaders in human virology. He was elected to the National
Academy
of Sciences in 1973.
Michael J. Dunn, professor of medicine, dean and
executive
vice president, Medical College of Wisconsin; postdoctoral
experience, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine,
1962-65;
nominated by W. Gordon Walker.
Michael Dunn's early classic description
of
experimental
magnesium depletion in the human and subsequent studies of
erythrocyte ion transport that clarified previously
disparate
views of sodium transport across the red blood cell
membrane are
recognized as outstanding research contributions. His most
significant and sustained research on the role of
prostaglandins
in modulating renal function has provided new insights into
the
endocrine regulation of kidney function in health and
disease.
His studies of the renal toxicity of widely used
non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory agents have provided both clinical
guidance and
new insights into the basic physiology of the renal
circulation.
Gerald A.M. Finerman, chairman, Department of
Orthopaedics, University of California-Los Angeles;
postdoctoral
experience, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine,
1966-69; nominated by John P. Kostuik.
Gerald Finerman received his medical
degree at
Johns Hopkins
and following his residency here was appointed an assistant
professor in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Johns
Hopkins. With Lee Riley Jr., he initiated the total hip
service
at Johns Hopkins. At UCLA, which he joined in 1971, he
specializes in sports medicine joint replacement. He has
been in
charge of the sports medicine program for the Department of
Intercollegiate Athletics and was chief medical officer for
the
UCLA village in the 1984 Olympic games. He recently was
awarded a
large grant from NIH to evaluate kinematics of the cruciate
ligaments of the knee.
Mark T. Keating, professor of medicine and of human
genetics and HHMI investigator, Eccles Institute of Human
Genetics, University of Utah; postdoctoral experience,
Department
of Medicine, School of Medicine, 1980-83; nominated by
Victor A.
McKusick.
Mark Keating, who did his residency
training on
the Osler
Medical Service of The Johns Hopkins Hospital, is a pioneer
in
molecular cardiology. Starting in 1991 and using methods of
map-based gene discovery, he and his colleagues at the
University
of Utah characterized the genes mutant in four forms of the
long
QT syndrome, a cause of cardiac arrhythmia and sudden
death. In
1993, he and his students showed that the gene for elastin
is
mutated or deleted in cases of the aortic malformation
called
supravalvar aortic stenosis. They went on to show that the
elastin gene and neighboring genes are deleted in about 90
percent of patients with Williams syndrome, a developmental
abnormality that has supravalvar aortic stenosis as one
feature.
Thus, the studies of Keating demonstrated that elastin is
essential to arterial morphogenesis. His studies of the
several
forms of long QT syndrome revealed new information about
the
function of potassium ion channels in the heart and
provided DNA
diagnosis in family members at risk for sudden death.
David T. Kelly, Scandrett Professor of Cardiology
and
director, Hallstrom Institute of Cardiology, Royal Prince
Alfred
Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; postdoctoral experience,
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 1969-76;
nominated by Richard S. Ross.
David Kelly received medical and
cardiology
training in New
Zealand and held junior faculty posts in London and Cape
Town
before coming in 1969 to Johns Hopkins, where he was served
on
the faculty until 1976. While at Hopkins, Kelly was
involved in
the development of radio nucleotide imaging of the heart.
When he
returned to Australia, he established the Department of
Nuclear
Medicine at the University of Sydney. He has been a pioneer
in
cardiovascular pharmacology and in the use of vasodilators
in
myocardial infarction. More recently, his interests have
been
directed toward the epidemiology of coronary disease, and
he was
invited to give the Paul Dudley White International Lecture
at
the 1996 Annual Scientific Session of the American Heart
Association. Kelly has been president of the International
Society and the Federation of Cardiology and will be
president of
the 14th World Congress of Cardiology, to be held in Sydney
in
the year 2002.
Jon C. Liebman, professor emeritus, Department of
Civil
Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Illinois
at
Urbana-Champaign; postdoctoral experience, Department of
Geography and Environmental Engineering (formerly
Department of
Environmental Engineering Sciences), School of Engineering,
1965-72; nominated by Charles ReVelle and M. Gordon
Wolman.
Jon Liebman began his academic career on
the
faculty at
Hopkins, where he established one of the nation's first
research
programs in environmental systems engineering and provided
the
university's first course in scientific computing. At the
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, he headed the
Civil
Engineering Department, one of the largest in the country.
Liebman's pioneering research has been in the area of
environmental systems analysis, a field that blends the
tools of
operations research with the practical problems of
environmental
management. In particular, he has done path-breaking
research in
applications of mathematical modeling and optimization to
the
regional management of water quality; his seminal dynamic
programming work led to extensive follow-on research on
this
important problem. He established the nation's first
research
program that focused on optimal methods for solid waste
management. With his students, he studies the complex
mathematical problems associated with collection, routing,
transfer station siting and landfill siting in order to
determine
cost-efficient regional solid waste-disposal systems. He
has also
published extensively on optimal sewer system design and on
the
design of water distribution systems.
Paul Meier, Howard Levene Professor, Department of
Statistics, Columbia University; postdoctoral experience,
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health,
1952-57;
nominated by Scott Zeger.
In 1958, Paul Meier published with E.L.
Kaplan
a paper in
the Journal of the American Statistical Association
titled
"Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations"
that
introduced the now famous Kaplan-Meier estimate of the
survival
function, which populates every major medical and public
health
journal throughout the world. With the Cox proportional
hazards
model, the Kaplan-Meier estimate of a survival function is
perhaps the most commonly used statistical method in
clinical
research. Meier had started this seminal work as a
graduate
student at Princeton and completed it as a faculty member
in the
Hopkins Department of Biostatistics. With this single
paper,
Meier established himself as the leading biostatistician of
his
day. He went on to a distinguished career, serving for more
than
30 years as professor of statistics at the University of
Chicago,
during which time he became the leading American expert in
the
design, conduct and analysis of data from clinical
trials.
Nicholas Muzyczka, professor, Department of
Molecular
Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida Health
Science
Center; postdoctoral experience, Department of Molecular
Biology
and Genetics (formerly Department of Microbiology), School
of
Medicine, 1974-77; nominated by Maurice J. Bessman.
Nicholas Muzyczka's doctoral thesis from
the
Hopkins
Department of Biology on bacterial viruses was seminal to
our
understanding of the biochemical basis of spontaneous
mutations.
Later, as a postdoctoral fellow in Daniel Nathan's
laboratory,
Muzyczka began his work with animal viruses that has made
him a
leader in the area of gene therapy, using adeno-associated
virus
as the vector for replacing defective genes. His
fundamental
studies on viral replication have been instrumental in
advancing
the technology of gene replacement in the treatment of
human
disease.
Carol Wolf Runyan, professor, Department of Health
Behavior and Health Education, and director, University of
North
Carolina Injury Prevention Research Center, University of
North
Carolina at Chapel Hill; postdoctoral experience,
Department of
Epidemiology, School of Public Health, 1985-86; nominated
by
Susan P. Baker.
Carol Runyan's achievements and
leadership in
injury control
have placed her at the forefront of this critical field.
Shortly
after completing her postdoctoral fellowship in
epidemiology at
the School of Public Health, she was appointed associate
director
and then director of the Injury Prevention Research Center
at the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Runyan's
seminal
research on adolescent and occupational injuries was
accomplished
during a period when both areas lacked good epidemiological
work.
Her papers on injuries to women have called attention to
the
underrecognized fact that injuries are the major cause of
death
among women for the first several decades of life. Her
research
is now making important contributions to the problem of
violence
against women.
Olive Shisana, executive director, Family and Health
Services, World Health Organization; postdoctoral
experience,
Department of Health Policy and Management (formerly
Department
of Behavior Sciences), School of Public Health, 1981-84;
nominated by David D. Celentano and Richard Morrow Jr.
Olive Shisana, who in the mid-1970s fled
South
Africa
because of anticipated arrest for her active anti-apartheid
activities, has led the extraordinary transformation of
that
country's apartheid separate and unequal hospital-based
health
systems through to an integrated, equitable district-based
primary health care-oriented system. After obtaining a
master's
degree from Loyola College in Baltimore and a ScD from the
Department of Behavioral Sciences at Johns Hopkins, she
joined
the Department of Human Services, District of Columbia,
where,
from 1986 to 1991, she served as chief statistical adviser
and
then chief of research and statistics.
With the revolutionary political shifts
in
South Africa that
would allow her expertise to be put to good use in
rebuilding her
homeland, she returned in 1991 to join the South African
Medical
Research Council.
While with the MRC she was seconded to
the
University of the
Western Cape to develop in parallel with the University of
the
Transvaal the first school of public health in South
Africa. She
became technical adviser to the African National Congress
on
Provincial Restructuring of the Administrations, Civil
Service
Restructuring and Affirmative Action and was instrumental
in
radically redrawing boundaries for the provinces and
districts,
which was fundamental to the drive for equitable social
services.
When the new Government of National Unity took over, she
was
appointed director general of the South African Department
of
Health in 1995, carrying through the full transformation of
the
previously inequitable, highly fractionated, racially
structured
health system in the face of unrelenting opposition by the
incumbent members of the previous health establishment.
Largely because of her courageous and compelling management
of the health system of South Africa, she was one of the
first
people selected by Gro Brundtland, the new director-general
of
the World Health Organization, to join her inner cabinet,
as
executive director of Family and Health Services.
David B. Skinner, president and CEO, the New York
Presbyterian Hospital and New York Presbyterian Healthcare
System; postdoctoral experience, Department of Surgery,
School of
Medicine, 1968-72; nominated by John L. Cameron.
David Skinner is a general thoracic
surgeon
whose first
faculty appointment was in 1968 as an assistant professor
in the
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, where he later
was
promoted to professor. His major interests were esophageal
surgery, pulmonary surgery and support of the failing
heart. He
left Hopkins after five years to become the Dallas B.
Phemister
Professor of Surgery and chairman of the department at the
University of Chicago. When he became president of New York
Hospital in 1987, he was recognized as one of the
outstanding
esophageal surgeons in the world. Under his leadership, New
York
Hospital has gone from losing a million dollars a week to
being a
very successful institution, which recently combined with
Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, with Skinner as the CEO of
the
combined New York Presbyterian Hospital and New York
Presbyterian
Healthcare System.
Eric Jeffrey Topol, chairman, Department of
Cardiology,
and director, Joseph J. Jacob Center for Thrombosis and
Vascular
Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation; postdoctoral
experience,
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 1982-85;
nominated by Kenneth L. Baughman.
While a fellow at Hopkins, Eric Topol
made
original
observations on the influence of bypass graft surgery on
stunned
myocardium and the early use of thrombolytic agents.
Following
his fellowship, Topol was recruited by the University of
Michigan
School of Medicine, where he rose to the rank of professor
in
1991 and was the director of the cardiac catheterization
laboratory. He was subsequently appointed chairman of the
Department of Cardiology at the Cleveland Clinic
Foundation,
where he also directs the Joseph J. Jacobs Center for
Thrombosis
and Vascular Biology. He has organized a worldwide network
of
cardiovascular investigators who have completed a multitude
of
randomized, prospective placebo-controlled trials, which
have
dramatically forwarded our knowledge of evidence-based
cardiology. In the area of cardiovascular diseases, Topol
has
authored or co-authored 528 original manuscripts, 15 books,
99
book chapters, 40 letters to the editor, 406 abstracts and
54
non-peer review articles.
Gayle Woodson, professor, Department of
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of
Tennessee;
postdoctoral experience, Department of General Surgery,
School of
Medicine, 1976-78; nominated by Charles W. Cummings.
Gayle Woodson attended medical school at
Baylor
and did her
surgical internship and first year of resident surgical
training
at Hopkins, prior to returning to Baylor in the
otolaryngological
head and neck surgical training program. She completed a
fellowship in laryngeal physiology at the Institute of
Laryngology and Otology in London and became certified by
both
the Royal College of Surgeons of Canada and the American
Board of
Otolaryngology. She served on the medical faculties of
Baylor
College and the University of California at San Diego
before
moving to the University of Tennessee. Woodson serves as a
director of the American Board of Otolaryngology and is on
the
residency review committee for otolaryngology. She is
currently
president of the Society of University Otolaryngologists
and the
Advisory Council for Otolaryngology for the American
College of
Surgeons. Woodson serves on four editorial boards of
peer-reviewed journals and has authored 85 publications and
book
chapters.
J. Carl Barrett
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Dr. Barrett's research is centered on the relationship
between
aging and cancer, the genes involved in cellular
senescence and
apoptosis, the role of BRCA-1 as a tumor suppressor gene,
and
the function of KAI-1, a newly cloned prostate cancer
metastasis
suppressor gene. A chairperson, organizer, or keynote
speaker at
numerous professional conferences and symposia, he is the
scientific director of the National Institute of
Environmental
Health Sciences, associate editor of Cancer Research, and
editor-in-chief of Molecular Carcinogenesis.
Harvey W. Bender Jr.
Nashville, Tennessee
Dr. Bender's skills as an outstanding pediatric cardiac
surgeon
earned him wide recognition during his 11 years at Hopkins
and
his present tenure at Vanderbilt University, where he is
professor of surgery and chairman of the Department of
Cardiothoracic Surgery. He is a noted expert on all
pediatric
cardiac anomalies, and he is particularly well-known for
his
surgical skills in managing complete transposition of the
great
vessels.
Tibor Borsos
Chevy Chase, Maryland
Dr. Borsos' career can be divided into three major areas:
research related to the role of Rous sarcoma virus in the
pathogenesis of cancer; a lifelong interest in complement
and
complement-mediated lysis; and pioneering investigations on
the
immunology of tumors, studies that led to the first
clinical
trial of BCG in the treatment of bladder cancer. He spent
most
of his career at the National Cancer Institute. At the time
of
his retirement in 1988, he was chief of the Laboratory of
Immuno-biology. Until 1994, he served as research
professor of
pathology at the Uniformed Services University of the
Health
Sciences.
Lonnie S. Burnett
Nashville, Tennessee
Dr. Burnett is well-recognized for his contributions in
gynecological oncology. He is beloved at Johns Hopkins as a
major
force in the School of Medicine's alumni organization and
especially in launching the Howard Kelly Society for the
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. As a gynecologic
oncologist, he has published extensively on the use of
chemotherapeutic agents for ovarian cancer and is the
co-author
of the 11th edition of the textbook Novak's Gynecology,
which
originated at Johns Hopkins. Dr. Burnett has received
numerous
awards, including the H. Graham Wait Jr. Memorial
President's
Award in recognition of outstanding research and education
contributions in the field of gynecology/ obstetrics.
Lanny Garth Close
New York, New York
Dr. Close is a leader in academic otolaryngology-head and
neck
surgery. After serving on the faculty of the University of
Texas
Medical School, in Houston, and the Southwestern Medical
School,
in Dallas, he joined the faculty at Columbia University,
where
he is the Howard Smith Professor and chairman of the
Department
of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. He serves on the
editorial review boards of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck
Surgery,
The Laryngoscope, and Cancer.
Claes H. Dohlman
Boston, Massachusetts Dr. Dohlman's major contributions to
medicine have been in the field of diseases, physiology,
and
biochemistry of the cornea and in experimental pathology of
the
cornea. He developed and was the director of the corneal
service
of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, at which many
of the
current experts in the field received their training. The
recipient of numerous awards, including the Friedenwald,
Bjerrum, and Proctor lectureships, he is currently adjunct
senior
scientist at the Eye Research Institute, in Weston,
Massachusetts.
Ari Gafni
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. Gafni has made major contributions to the understanding
of
aging. He not only has studied protein changes in the
elderly
and the comparison of proteins in old and young cells, but
also
he and his colleagues developed many of the specialized
spectroscopic techniques used in these studies. Currently a
professor in the Department of Biological Chemistry at the
University of Michigan, he has held a U.S. State
Department
training fellowship and the Glasberg Career Development
Chair in
Physical Biochemistry. Recipient of the Kellogg
Presidential
Initiative Award, he also is a fellow of the Gerontological
Society of America.
Andre Goffeau
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Dr. Goffeau has had a very productive career, highlighted
by a
number of important discoveries and accomplishments in the
field
of genetics. Among his often pioneering work, he led the
worldwide team that recently completed the entire sequence
of the
yeast genome. A major contributor to biotechnology
programs in
Europe and an organizer of several scientific conferences,
he is
a Professor Extraordinaire at the Universit E9 Catholique
de
Louvain in Belgium.
Jack B.L. Howell
Southampton, United Kingdom
Dr. Howell has made outstanding contributions leading to a
greater understanding of the control of breathing in health
and
disease and the mechanism of breathlessness. His clinical
work
was dominated by the management of asthma, chronic
bronchitis,
and emphysema. Currently, he is a professor emeritus of
medicine
at the University of Southampton, chairman of the
Southampton
and Southwest Hampshire Health Authority, and chairman of
the
Board of Scunce and Education of the British Medical
Association.
Trevor Martin Penning
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Dr. Penning's research on the enzymology of steroid
hormones has
made him one of the premier investigators in the world in
understanding the mechanism, structure, and specificity of
the
family of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. He has not only
achieved
scientific distinction as a world leader in the field of
steroid
biochemistry but also commands the respect of his
colleagues as
an excellent teacher and administrator. A professor of
pharmacology, obstetrics and gynecology, and biochemistry
and
biophysics, he is the associate dean for postdoctoral
research
training at the University of Pennsylvania School of
Medicine.
Bertram Pitt
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. Pitt has spent his career investigating coronary
circulation.
With colleagues, he developed many methods that utilized
radioactive substances for such studies, pioneering the
application of the thallium scan for identification of
ischemic
areas in the myocardium. As professor of medicine and
director
of cardiology at the University of Michigan, he developed
a
strong research and training program. His accomplishments
have
been honored by membership in the American Physiological
Society,
the American Society of Clinical Investigation, and the
Association of American Physicians.
Christine E. Seidman
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. Seidman has made major contributions to the molecular
approaches to understanding cardiac pathophysiology and
the
genetic approaches to understanding inherited human
disorders.
Work in her lab established the first genetic abnormality
to
explain hereditary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A professor
of
medicine at the Harvard Medical School, she was elected to
Alpha
Omega Alpha and received the American Heart Association
Clinician
Scientist and Established Investigatorship awards.
Klaus V. Toyka
Wurzburg, Germany
The seminal research that Dr. Toyka carried out while a
postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins, has shaped his
career
investigating the immunological basis of neurological
disorders,
including peripheral neuropathies, multiple sclerosis, and
inflammatory myopathies. Recently involved in studies of
genetically determined disorders, he brought the "Hopkins
model"
of research and clinical care to Germany when he assumed
the
chair of the Department of Neurology at the University of
Wurzburg in Germany.
David C. U'Prichard
King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
Dr. U'Prichard's career has focused on pharmacology. He
served as
the senior vice president and scientific director for Nova
Pharmaceuticals Corporation before being recruited by
British
Zeneca Group PLC, where he became the international
research
director in 1994. In 1997, he became president of research
and
development at SmithKline Beecham. In this position, he is
responsible for the daily operations of the company's
laboratories and nearly 5,000 preclinical development
activities
worldwide. He serves as an honorary professor at Glasgow
University Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences and
holds
adjunct teaching posts at the University of Pennsylvania
School
of Medicine and Northwestern University School of
Medicine.
Po-Ya Chang
Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
Dr. Chang was among the first to recognize the public
health
problems emerging in Taiwan due to rapid socioeconomic and
demographic change. She initiated research in occupational
health, focusing on workers' exposure to lead and has been
a
pioneer advocate for women's health. She has served as
mayor of
Chiayi City, population 300,000, and in 1990 was appointed
to
her present position as director-general of the newly
created
National Department of Health for Taiwan.
Mahlon R. DeLong
Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. DeLong's research in neurology has changed the way we
think
about and treat two major illnesses: Alzheimer's disease
and
Parkinson's. He was among the team that recognized the
depletion
of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis in
Alzheimer's
patients and has led the profession to reconsider how the
basal
ganglia function in relation to the brain stem. A
clinician-investigator par excellence, he is currently
professor
and chairman of Neurology at Emory University School of
Medicine.
James K. Edzwald
Amherst, Massachusetts
Dr. Edzwald's research and teaching in environmental
engineering,
particularly in the area of water supply and water quality,
have
earned him wide recognition. Currently professor and head
of the
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the
University of Massachusetts, he has held positions at
several
universities, including Johns Hopkins, during his
distinguished
career. His work has garnered him professional prizes, as
well
as many consulting assignments; he recently served on an
EPA
panel concerning the New York City water supply.
Timothy S. Harrison
Hershey, Pennsylvania
A skilled surgeon and researcher, Dr. Harrison has made
internationally recognized contributions in the field of
endocrine surgery and has expanded our understanding of
endocrine function, dysfunction, and neoplasms. He
completed his
residency in the Department of Surgery at the Johns
Hopkins
School of Medicine in 1956; after a distinguished career as
both
physician and mentor, he is now professor emeritus of
surgery and
physiology at the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center of the
Pennsylvania State University.
David McKinnon Lawrence
Oakland, California
A graduate of the General Preventive Medicine Residency
Program
at the School of Hygiene and Public Health, Dr. Lawrence
has
developed innovative health-care delivery systems to meet
the
challenges of large populations. He was one of the first to
advocate the use of physicians' assistants and is
committed to
preventive care. As chairman and chief executive officer,
he has
led the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan to consistently high-
quality assurance evaluations.
Allen Sollie Lichter
Ann Arbor, Michigan
During his tenure as chairman, Dr. Lichter has led the
Department
of Radiation Oncology at the University of Michigan Medical
School to become one of the premier departments in the
country.
He developed clinical trials to improve breast cancer
treatment
and has pioneered the use of three-dimensional methods for
tumor
diagnosis and treatment. Last year the New England Journal
of
Medicine honored his achievements by inviting him to
author the
journal's "Medical Progress" monograph on "Recent Advances
in
Radiation Oncology."
Gianni Marone
Naples, Italy
Dr. Marone is an internationally renowned figure in the
world of
clinical immunology and allergy and the recognized leader
of the
discipline in Italy. As a professor of medicine and the
director
of the Section of Clinical Immunology and Allergy at the
University of Naples Federico II, he has trained a
generation of
young investigators in the field. Worldwide understanding
of the
pathogenesis of allergic disease has been enriched by his
outstanding research and publications. Currently president
of
the Italian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, he
has
served as consultant to the Ministry of Health in Rome and
to
the World Health Organization. He also has received
numerous
awards from the Italian government and European medical
societies.
Lechaim Naggan
Beer Sheva, Israel
Dr. Naggan combines the talents of researcher and
administrator.
A physician epidemiologist, he has investigated clinical
problems
such as congenital malformation and viral hepatitis, but
he has
also studied health services, successfully evaluating, for
example, the health needs of Bedouins, a group
unaccustomed to
Western models of health care. He has served as Israeli
deputy
surgeon general, and is currently vice president and dean
for
research and development at Ben-Gurion University of the
Negev.
Jennifer R. Niebyl
Iowa City, Iowa
Dr. Niebyl's commitment to research, education, and
clinical
practice in obstetrics and gynecology is reflected in the
variety of her accomplishments. Currently professor and
head of
medicine in that department at University of Iowa Hospitals
and
Clinics, she also co-edits two professional journals. In
the
classroom she appears not only as a fine teacher, but also
as
co-editor of a widely used obstetrics textbook. Her
research
continues to generate new articles and book chapters. She
is a
respected leader in obstetrics and gynecology today.
Shin-Ichiro
Nishimura Sapporo, Japan Dr. Nishimura's work in polymer
chemistry and glyco- biology holds promise for new
treatments of
diseases such as influenza and AIDS; the work has produced
a
flurry of publications-more than 100 in nine years-and
remarkable professional recognition. Since taking his Ph.D.
in
1987, he has risen to become professor and director of the
Division of Biological Science in the graduate school at
Hokkaido University, as well as an editor of scientific
journals
and a member of the advisory boards of several scientific
associations.
Robert G. Robinson
Iowa City, Iowa
By identifying the depressive disorder associated with
stroke,
Dr. Robinson has made a crucial contribution not only to
neurology and psychiatry, but also to the treatment and
rehabilitation of patients who suffer from stroke. His work
has
also helped us understand the cerebral mechanism behind
affective
disorder and its role in the depression and mania
symptomatic of
that disorder. These contributions have made Dr. Robinson
a
leader in American psychiatry.
Kenji Sunagawa
Osaka, Japan
From the time Dr. Sunagawa began his postdoctoral work at
the
School of Medicine in 1978, he has been breaking new
ground in
cardiovascular research. Beginning with work he did here,
which
helped define the dynamic relationship between the left
ventricle and its artery, he and his research team have
recently
developed crucial insights into cardiovascular control
systems.
A book he co-authored has become the standard reference
for
understanding the pressure-volume approach to ventricular
function.
Noriko Takahashi
Handa-City, Japan
Dr. Takahashi has made two important contributions in the
field
of glycobiology, both of which help scientists analyze the
structure of carbohydrates in glycoconjugates. She
discovered
glycoamidase, an enzyme which has become an indispensable
tool
for studying glycoproteins, and she developed new
chromatic
methods for carbohydrate analysis. Dr. Takahashi is also
distinguished in the history of Japan: she was the first
woman
graduate of Nagoya University (1951) and the first woman in
Japan
to obtain an engineering degree.
John E. Wennberg
Hanover, New Hampshire
In studying the way physicians work, Dr. Wennberg invented
the
concept of "small area variation," which demonstrated for
the
first time, and in a scientifically rigorous way, that
equally
capable physicians in adjacent geographic areas practice
medicine
very differently. He developed the analytical methods
needed to
form the core of a new field: practice variation. Studies
in this
field point the way toward better clinical guidance for
physicians and more consistent communication with patients
about
treatment options.
Anne B. Young
Boston, Massachusetts
From the molecule to the clinic, Dr. Young has taken up
major
questions in the field of neurology. She produced a body
of
research which elucidates the role of excitatory
neurotransmitter
glutamate in brain function, and has been a key clinical
investigator of Huntington's disease, helping identify the
genetic abnormality that appears to cause it. At Harvard,
Dr.
Young is considered an extraordinary chair of neurology,
having
guided both research and clinical activities to new levels
of
achievement.
Dr. Hugh F. Biller
New York, New York
Dr. Biller is internationally known as a leader in head and
neck
surgery. He pioneered and developed surgical procedures
focused
on the preservation of vocal function while successfully
treating
malignant disease involving the larynx. He served as
chairman of
the Department of Otolaryn- gology at Mount Sinai Medical
Center
in New York City until 1995. He is past president of the
American Society for Head and Neck Surgery.
Dr. Peter G.J. Burney
London, England
Dr. Burney's position as chairman of the Respiratory
Disease
Committee of the International Union Against Tuberculosis
and
Lung Disease places him in the front ranks of
epidemiologists
worldwide. He has played a major role in the education of
public
health physicians and is a widely acknowledged expert and
leader
in the fight against chronic respiratory diseases. Dr.
Burney
has served on many national and international working
groups,
committees, and councils dealing with asthma and related
diseases. He is also chair of the Department of Public
Health
Medicine at United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and
St.
Thomas Hospitals in London.
Dr. Roberto Casalbuoni
Fllorence, Italy
Dr. Casalbuoni is a leading researcher in the study of
subatomic
particles. He is chair of the Department of Physics at the
University of Florence in Italy and has been published on
a wide
variety of topics related to the physics of elementary
particles. Under his leadership, he and other theoretical
physicists in Florence have developed a method of searching
for
new physical phenomena by analyzing data obtained when
electrons
and positrons collide at high energy levels.
Dr. C. Richard Conti
Gainesville, Florida
A leader in academic cardiology, Dr. Conti is a graduate of
Johns
Hopkins Medical School, the Osler Residency Program, and a
Division of Cardiology fellow. He has had a distinguished
career
in research and training as director of cardiology at the
University of Florida School of Medicine. His national
status as
a trailblazer in cardiology was recognized by his election
to
president of the American College of Cardiology in 1988.
Harold Gerard Donnelly
West Lafayette, Indiana
Dr. Donnelly is one of the world's pioneers in the basic
linear
equations associated with a Riemannian manifold, the heat
equation and the wave equation. These equations have been
studied for well over a century by physicists, engineers,
and
mathematicians looking for answers in acoustics, diffusion
of
heat, and the spectral analysis of light from a star. Dr.
Donnelly has made breakthroughs in the analysis of the
eigen-
functions, introducing entirely new thoughts in the
subject.
Dr. Thomas P. Duffy
New Haven, Connecticut
Dr. Duffy is one of the nation's leading academic
hematologists
and a renowned practitioner of the Oslerian school of
patient-centered clinical care, teaching, and scholarship.
His
teaching and written scholarship have focused on the ways
that
doctors can learn directly from the patient to gain the
insight
needed both to understand the patient's problems and to
offer
the most appropriate intervention. This patient- centered
approach has also led Dr. Duffy to write works that have
enlightened the medical community's thinking about the many
ethical issues that arise in the care of patients. Dr.
Duffy has
inspired a generation of students, house officers, and
fellows
to aspire to the highest ideals of the medical profession.
Dr. Linda S. Gottfredson
Newark, Delaware
Dr. Gottfredson, a professor of the Department of
Educational
Studies at the University of Delaware, is nationally known
for
her penetrating researches on vocational choice, the
measurement
of individual differences, and the bases of occupational
stratification. Her 1981 treatise, "Circumscription and
Compromise: A Developmental Theory of Occupational
Aspirations,"
became an instant classic and stimulus for new research
for the
light it shed on how and why individuals enter the careers
they
do.
Dr. Lazar J. Greenfield
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. Greenfield, chair of the Department of Surgery at
University
of Michigan, is clearly one of the leaders in American
surgery.
He was one of the last young cardiovascular surgeons
trained at
Hopkins by the famous Dr. Alfred Blalock. He has made many
significant contributions in the field of cardiovascular
surgery, perhaps most notably the development of the
Greenfield
vena caval filter. Prior to his position at Michigan, he
was
chairman of the Department of Surgery at the Medical
College of
Virginia for 13 years.
Dr. William H. Hartmann
Tampa, Florida
Dr. Hartmann is internationally recognized for his academic
contributions in research, education, and service in
pathology.
As editor-in-chief of the Atlas of Tumor Pathology from
1975 to
1987, he established this series of volumes as the primary
reference source throughout the world for the
classification of
tumors. Moreover, his own research, especially in thyroid
and
breast cancer, has had significant impact in the
characterization
of these tumors. As chair of pathology at Vander-bilt
University
from 1973 to 1987, he established his department as one of
the
leaders in the United States. He has served as executive
vice
president of the American Board of Pathology.
Dr. Fazle Hussain
Houston, Texas
Dr. Hussain is one of the world's leading experts in
experimental
fluid mechanics. He is particularly known for his extensive
research and contributions in turbulent shear flows, jets,
vortex
dynamics, and related experimental methods. He has served
as
editor of several prominent journals and is a fellow of
the
American Society of Mechanical Engineering and the
American
Physical Society.
Dr. Kim Mo-Im
Seoul, Korea
Dr. Kim is the recipient of numerous national and
international
awards for her contributions to the field of nursing. She
was
elected to the Korean National Assembly from 1981 to 1985
and
was instrumental in formulating legislation that enhanced
the
education and participation of nurses in health care in
Korea.
Internationally, Dr. Kim has served with the World Health
Organization as a member of expert panels and advisory
groups on
nursing. Since 1994, she has been secretary-general of the
Global
Network of WHO Collaborating Centers for International
Nursing
and Midwifery Development.
Dr. Alexander H. Leighton
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Dr. Leighton is a pre-eminent American psychiatric
epidemiologist
and is internationally known for documenting community
aspects of
psychiatry. He initiated pioneering community studies in
North
America aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of mental
illness
in a normal population. His work led to numerous
outstanding
publications, including 15 books.
Dr. George L. Nemhauser
Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. Nemhauser is world-renowned in the field of
mathematical
operations research, particularly in the theory, advanced
computational development, and applications of
optimization. He
served as president of the Mathematical Programming Society
and
the Operations Research Society of America. He has
published
widely in such diverse areas as antenna design, line
balancing,
capital budgeting, train scheduling, political
dis-tricting,
plant location and production planning.
Dr. David B. Thomas
Seattle, Washington
Dr. Thomas is a distinguished cancer epidemiologist and
head of
one of the leading programs in cancer epidemiology in the
world.
His research has focused on the risks of hormones and
breast
cancer, an issue of international importance because of the
widespread use of hormones in oral contraceptives and for
post-menopausal replacement therapy. Dr. Thomas has made
broad
contributions to our understanding of the causes of cancer
in
his role as director of the Cancer Surveillance System of
western Washington, an innovative cancer registry that has
been
used for research and public health monitoring.
Dr. Lawrence L. Weed
Underhill, Vermont
Dr. Weed is known throughout the world as the originator of
the
problem-oriented medical record. His system has
revolutionized
the way medical information is recorded, stored, and
transmitted, and has provided the foundation for the
computerized medical record. His experience has spanned
the
spectrum from basic biomedical science at Yale to medical
education in a community hospital in Bangor, Maine. He is
currently professor emeritus at the University of Vermont,
where
he has been since 1964.
Dr. Gabriel Alvarez
Madrid, Spain
Dr. Alvarez, professor in the Department of Theoretical
Physics
at the Universidad Complutense, is one of the brightest
young
scientists in Spain. In addition to contributions in
quantum
chemistry, mathematical physics and electron paramagnetic
resonance, he has established a reputation in computer
programming with his work on optical character recognition
and
the Spanish implementation of the NeXT operating system.
Dr. Frank C. Arnett, Jr.
Houston, Texas
Dr. Arnett is internationally recognized as a leader in the
field
of immunogenetics. His research of autoantibody responses
in
various rheumatic diseases has played a significant role
in
identifying immune response alleles in human chromosomes.
Dr.
Arnett is director of the Division of Rheumatology and a
professor of internal medicine at the University of
Texas-Houston Health Science Center.
Dr. Subhash Chandra Basu
Notre Dame, Indiana
Dr. Basu has pioneered study of the biosynthesis of complex
carbohydrates called gangliosides. These compounds
accumulate in
large quantity in certain diseases, such as Tay-Sachs',
and are
also involved in intercellular communication. The pathway
of
synthesis of the gangliosides, developed largely by Dr.
Basu, is
of major interest to researchers. He is chairman of the
Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology Program and
a
professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University
of
Notre Dame.
Dr. Nicolaie D. Cristescu
Gainesville, Florida
Dr. Cristescu is a leading researcher in the fields of
dynamic
plasticity, rock mechanics, and metal forming. His 1967
book,
Dynamic Plasticity, based on extensive theoretical
analyses,
helped established his international reputation. Dr.
Cristescu
served as president of the University of Bucharest from
1990 to
1992, and is a graduate research professor in the
Department of
Aerospace Engineering, Mechanics, and Engineering Science
at the
University of Florida.
Dr. Robert H. Fletcher
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. Fletcher, professor of ambulatory care and prevention
at the
Harvard Medical School and Harvard Community Health Plan,
is
internationally recognized for his contributions to primary
care.
From 1990 to 1993, he served as editor of the Annals of
Internal
Medicine, shaping the editorial policy during a time of
rapid
changes in medicine and primary care. Dr. Fletcher is the
former
president of the Society of General Internal Medicine.
Dr. Ruth Gallily
Jerusalem, Israel
Dr. Gallily, professor of immunology at The Hebrew
University -
Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem and The Lauten-berg
Center of
General and Tumor Immunology, has extensively studied the
role
of macrophages, cells that help protect against infection.
She
developed an antimacrophage serum, which showed the
critical
role of macrophages in inflammation, transplantation
immunity,
and autoimmunity. Dr. Gallily documented the interaction of
antibody and macrophage in promoting the toxicity and
destructive nature of cells.
Dr. Mark Granovetter
Evanston, Illinois
Dr. Granovetter, an esteemed sociologist, has inspired
fellow
researchers with his scholarly work and compelling
reasoning. His
book, Getting a Job, is a classic in the field of social
stratification, and his 1985 article, "Economic Action and
Social Structure: The Problem on Embeddedness,"
reinvigorated
economic sociology. Dr. Granovetter is director of the
Program
in Business Institutions within the Department of Sociology
at
Northwestern University.
Dr. Bevra H. Hahn
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Hahn-an outstanding researcher, clinician, and
teacher-has
made contributions to understanding the origins and
development
of a form of the skin disease lupus and to improving the
treatment of patients with rheumatic diseases. She is
chief of
the Division of Rheumatology and a professor of medicine in
the
Department of Medicine at the University of California at
Los
Angeles School of Medicine.
Dr. Peter S. Harper
Cardiff, Wales
Dr. Harper is a renowned researcher of myotonic dystrophy,
Huntington's chorea, and other hereditary neuromuscular
diseases.
He has applied the science of genetics to the delivery of
effective and compassionate health care for birth defects
and
hereditary disorders. Dr. Harper is professor of medical
genetics at the University of Wales College of Medicine,
and
consultant physician and medical geneticist at the
University
Hospital of Wales.
Dr. Charles R. Hatcher, Jr.
Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. Hatcher has had a distinguished career at Emory
University.
He established and developed the nationally renowned open
heart
surgery program at the Emory University School of
Medicine,
serving as professor of surgery and chief of
cardiothoracic
surgery. In 1976, he became the director of the Emory
Clinic, and
since 1984 has been the vice president for health affairs
and
the director of the Robert W. Woodruff Health Sciences
Center.
Dr. Harrison Latta
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Latta is internationally recognized as a pathologist
and
academician. He is an authority on the kidney and a pioneer
investigator of the structure of a small, intertwined mass
of
capillaries called glomerulus. His interest in electron
microscopy led to the discovery of the glass knife
technique for
cutting ultrathin sections, a major contribution in the
field.
Dr. Latta is professor emeritus of pathology at the
University
of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine.
Dr. Marie Clare McCormick
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. McCormick is an acclaimed researcher and policy analyst
in
maternal and child health services. Her interests are
epidemiology of infant mortality and low birth weight,
measurement of and factors associated with child health
status,
and evaluation of maternal and child health services. Dr.
McCormick is professor and chair of the Department of
Maternal
and Child Health at the Harvard School of Public Health
and
professor of pediatrics at the Harvard Medical School.
Dr. Abraham M.Y. Nomura
Honolulu, Hawaii
Dr. Nomura, a researcher in cancer epidemiology, has
focused on
the relationship of diet and cancer, and on related
methodological issues. He has studied the interaction of
genetic
factors and behavioral lifestyle patterns that Hawaii
represents
in its admixture of races and people. Dr. Nomura, director
of
the Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study at Kuakini Medical Center, is
associate editor of the American Journal of Epidemiology
and
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
Dr. Stephen J. Peroutka
Menlo Park, California
Dr. Peroutka, a molecular neuroscientist and neurologist,
has
made significant contributions with direct clinical impact.
He
was the first researcher to clarify the subtypes of
receptors
for the neurotransmitter serotonin, explaining the actions
of
anti-migraine and anti-nausea drugs. He is president and
founder
of Spectra Biomedical Inc., where genomic techniques are
used to
identify the causes and treatment of headache and
psychiatric
diseases.
Dr. Eijiro Satoyoshi
Tokyo, Japan
Dr. Satoyoshi is a distinguished clinician and investigator
in
the field of neurology. He conceived, developed and
directed the
Japanese National Institute of Neurosciences, which has
been
consolidated as the National Center of Neurology and
Psychiatry.
As president emeritus of this government institute, he
continues
to be involved in world-class research in a variety of
areas of
neuroscience.
Dr. Hideyasu Aoyama
Okayama City, Japan
Dr. Aoyama is a pioneer in the field of occupational health
and
safety in Japan. He is chairman of the Department of
Hygiene and
Preventive Medicine at the Okayama University Medical
School,
the largest department of hygiene in Japan. Dr. Aoyama set
up a
fellowship training program for foreign physicians to train
in
Japan, and has been instrumental in developing the
foundation
for the first schools of public health in Japan.
Dr. William J. Catalona
St. Louis, Missouri
Dr. Catalona is a surgeon and one of the most respected
urologic
oncologists in the nation. He revolutionized the management
of
prostate cancer, making major contributions on the use of
prostate specific antigen (PSA) for diagnosis. Before his
findings were published, it was widely believed that PSA
lacked
sufficient specificity for this purpose.
Dr. Joseph T. Coyle
Belmont, Massachusetts
Dr. Coyle became a world leader in psychopharmacology while
on
the faculty of Hopkins, where he was chief of Child
Psychiatry.
He left Hopkins to become the first head of the
Consolidated
Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. He
eventually made many contributions to the understanding of
the
mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's
disease.
Dr. Ugo Fisch
Zurich, Switzerland
Dr. Fisch is a world-renowned neuro-otologist and skull
base
surgeon who has made numerous contributions to the basic
science
and clinical practice of otology. His refinements of
certain
surgical approaches became universally used.
Dr. Juan Martin Flavier
Manila, Philippines
Dr. Flavier, secretary of health for the Philippines, has
worked
to improve the health and welfare of millions of Filipinos
living
in rural areas. Through his immunization program, more than
1.5
million children have been immunized, and 85 percent of
Filipino
children younger than 5 have been immunized against polio,
measles, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus.
Dr. Suzanne Wright Fletcher
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. Fletcher, a professor of ambulatory care and prevention
at
Harvard Medical School, is a leading scholar in preventive
medicine. She is former editor of the Annals of Internal
Medicine, the premier journal in its field, and the
Journal of
General Internal Medicine. Dr. Fletcher was elected to the
National Academy of Science's Institute of Medicine in
1987.
Dr. Judith G. Hall
Vancouver, British Columbia
Dr. Hall is chairwoman of the Department of Pediatrics at
the
University of British Columbia in Vancouver. She is a
leader in
the area of genetic syndromes and birth defects. Dr. Hall
defined
and named the disorder known as thrombocytopenia with
absent
radius, or TAR, in which children are born without the
radius
bone in the forearm. She has classified many forms of
arthrogryposis, a type of birth defect resulting in stiff,
unbendable joints in the arms and legs. Her work also has
been
instrumental in describing uniparental disomy, in which
children
inherit only the genes from one parent.
Dr. Timothy J. Hallman
Berkeley, California
Dr. Hallman is a leading physicist studying the properties
of
nuclear matter at very high densities. He developed an
apparatus
to find electron-positron pairs emitted from collisions of
very
heavy nuclei. His work was a forerunner of studies at
Brookhaven
National Laboratory.
Dr. Guillermina Jasso
New York, New York
Dr. Jasso has had a distinguished career as a special
assistant
to the director of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization
Service. Subsequently, she became research director of the
U.S.
Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy. She is
a
specialist in mathematical sociology and in theories of
distributive justice.
Dr. Willis C. Maddrey
Dallas, Texas
Dr. Maddrey, whose research interest is in various areas of
liver
disease, has made significant contributions related to
chronic
hepatitis and alcohol-induced liver disease. He has been
honored
for excellence in teaching and has served as president of
the
American College of Physicians. He was one of the founders
of the
American Liver Foundation and recently was elected a fellow
of
the Royal College of Physicians in London.
Dr. Dinakar Ramakrishnan
Pasadena, California
Dr. Ramakrishnan, a professor of mathematics at the
California
Institute of Technology, has made contributions to the
general
theory of Zeta functions. Of particular importance is his
work
on the zeta functions associated with modular surfaces and
linear groups of symmetrics. He was appointed full
professor
eight years after he earned his Ph.D.
Dr. Felix Noah Rutledge*
Houston, Texas
Dr. Rutledge, a professor of gynecologic oncology at the
University of Texas, was among the first to use culdoscopy
as a
gynecologic diagnostic tool and to recognize the pathologic
features of atypical endometrial hyperplasia, which has
subsequently been found to be a precursor of endometrial
cancer.
Dr. John Anton Waldhausen
Hershey, Pennsylvania
Dr. Waldhausen has played a critical role in the
development and
growth of the Pennsylvania State University's Medical
Center in
Hershey. He has been chairman of the College of Medicine's
Surgery Department since 1970 and has practiced cardiac
surgery,
with a special interest in pediatric cardiac surgery.
Dr. James Watt*
Dr. Watt was a retired assistant surgeon general for the
U.S.
Public Health Service. He founded the American Board of
Preventive Medicine and served as chairman of the World
Health
Organization's executive committee. His research focused
on
tropical and infectious diseases. He encouraged
international
efforts to eradicate smallpox and control cholera.
Dr. Romesh C. Batra
Rolla, Missouri
Dr. Batra's research has embraced the areas of fluid
mechanics,
elasticity, viscoelasticity, penetration mechanics, and
adiabatic
shear banding. For six consecutive years, he was honored
by the
University of Missouri with a Faculty Excellence Award in
recognition of his superior performance in research,
teaching,
and service.
Dr. Myron F. Goodman
Los Angeles, California A recognized authority
on the biochemical basis of mutations, Dr. Goodman has
developed
a unique research program that has yielded original
insights
into the natural causes of errors in DNA replication. His
models
of error correction and prevention have provided a
theoretical
basis for an understanding of the molecular basis of
genetic
disease.
Dr. Morley D. Hollenberg
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
A leading figure in the field of peptide hormone research,
Dr.
Hollenberg's innovative and critical investigations of
epidermal
growth factor (urogastrone) and insulin have significantly
advanced understanding of hormone- receptor
interactions.
Dr. Edward Watson Hook
Charlottesville, Virginia
Dr. Hook's studies of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and
treatment of bacterial infections have advanced knowledge
of the
clinical manifestations of endocarditis and the mechanisms
by
which salmonella develop antibiotic resistance. His tenure
as
director of the Department of Medicine at the University
of
Virginia is among the longest on record in the United
States.
Dr. Thomas S. Inui
Boston, Massachusetts
A leading example of the academic physician-scholar, Dr.
Inui has
been devoted to the application of the principles of
community
medicine in his everyday clinical and scholarly work.
Among the
issues with which he has been most concerned are the
effectiveness of health services, patient-physician
communication, and preventive care in clinical practice.
Dr. Martin Hume Johnson
Cambridge, England
An outstanding teacher, writer, and experimentalist, Dr.
Johnson
has made major contributions to the understanding of early
mammalian development, including that of humans. His
research
approach to a rational study of early human development
had
important practical consequences for in vitro
fertilization.
Dr. Baruch A. Kipnis
Haifa, Israel
Combining theoretical studies of land use and metropolitan
development with studies of rural settlement and
industrial
concentration, Dr. Kipnis has made major contributions to
research on spatial aspects of human settlements. He is
founder
and head of the Haifa and Galilee Research Institute, which
is
conducting research on geographic aspects of northern
Israel and
adjacent regions.
Dr. Edward R. Laws, Jr.
Charlottesville, Virginia
An expert in the management of pituitary tumors and
gliomas, Dr.
Laws' research has contributed significantly in the areas
of
neurooncology, histochemistry, cytochemistry, and
experimental
biology of brain tumors.
Dr. Gavril W. Pasternak
New York, New York
As one of the leading opiate basic researchers in the
country,
Dr. Pasternak's contributions have involved differentiating
subtypes of opiate receptors that are differentially
affected by
drugs, leading to identification of agents that can provide
analgesia with a lower incidence of side effects.
Dr. Timothy J. Pedley
Leeds, England
A leading authority in physiological fluid mechanics, Dr.
Pedley
has made numerous contributions to the dynamics of unsteady
blood
flow by bringing analytical and numerical techniques in
fluid
mechanics to bear on various physiological processes. His
work
has clarified many aspects of blood flow separation,
instability
and bifurcation.
Dr. Bernard Robaire
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
With research interests spanning basic studies of
reproductive
toxicology and fertility regulation, Dr. Robaire has made
significant discoveries in the areas of regulation of the
structure and function of the mammalian epididymis, the
effects
of toxic agents on fertility, and the regulation of the
hypothalamo-pituitary- testicular axis in mammals.
Dr. Robert J. Ruben
New York, New York A pioneer in the f
ield of research on the development of the auditory system,
Dr.
Ruben is noted for ground-breaking studies on the organ
culture
of the mammalian inner ear and for important clinical
contributions to the understanding of human communication
as it
relates to both hearing and speech.
Dr. George A. Silver
New Haven, Connecticut
As a leading figure in maternal and child health in the
United
States, Dr. Silver has served at virtually all levels of
the
health care system. He has been the source of provocative
and
stimulating ideas, questioning the basic tenets of the
health
care delivery system and providing innovative suggestions
for new
forms of organization and finance.
Dr. Jean Starobinski
Geneva, Switzerland
One of the most prominent scholars in the field of French
studies, Dr. Starobinski's books and essays on the
literature
and intellectual history of the 17th, 18th, and 19th
centuries
have earned him great stature and influence in the fields
of
French studies, literary criticism, and psychoanalytic
criticism.
Dr. Thomas Earl Starzl
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
A pre-eminent clinician-scientist, Dr. Starzl has made
major
contributions in kidney transplantation and was a pioneer
in
liver transplantation. He was also a pioneer in cluster
transplants, the transplanting of several organs
simultaneously
into a patient.
Dr. Juzer M. Vasi
Bombay, India
An internationally recognized expert in the growth of
silicon
dioxide and in concomitant defect states that limit or
determine
device performance, Dr. Vasi has made major contributions
to the
field of microelectronics, including an understanding of
electric
breakdown of submicron thin films and solution of major
problems
in the breakdown and instability of insulators.
Dr. Marvin B. Becker
Ann Arbor, Michigan
A distinguished historian, Dr. Becker has made outstanding
contributions to Italian Renaissance history and, through
the
application of anthropological insights and methods, to the
theory and methodology of history in general. In his
seminal
volumes entitled Florence in Transition, he depicted broad
economic, social, and political structures and processes in
early
Renaissance Florence.
Dr. Anthony J. Bron
Oxford, England
Dr. Bron is an acknowledged world expert on corneal
dystrophies
and infections, cataract morphogenesis and pathogenesis,
and
other ocular diseases. He is only the second full professor
of
ophthalmology in Oxford University's long history. His
work was
recently recognized by a prize from the Alcon Research
Institute, one of the highest international honors in
investigative ophthalmology.
Dr. Lincoln C. Chen
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Dr. Chen has published numerous papers on his work in
Bangladesh
with the Ford Foundation that have added fundamental
knowledge
about the epidemiology and control of diarrheal diseases
and
about the interrelationships among malnutrition, morbidity,
and
mortality. A worldwide search led to his appointment as
the
first Taro Takemi Professor of International Health at
Harvard
University.
Dr. Mary Allen Engle
New York, New York
Dr. Engle's research at Cornell University and New York
Hospital
has contributed richly to the field of pediatric
cardiology, with
special application to the selection of children for
cardiac
surgery and follow-up after surgery. She holds the Stavros
S.
Niarchos Professorship of Pediatric Cardiology at Cornell
University Medical College. In 1991, she received the
institution's Maurice R. Greenberg Distinguished Service
Award.
Dr. Melvin H. Epstein
Providence, Rhode Island
While on the neurosurgical faculty at The Johns Hopkins
Hospital,
Dr. Epstein carried out laboratory studies that have done
much to
increase the body of knowledge of the secretory process of
human
spinal fluid. His work delineating the second messenger of
spinal fluid production in the choroid plexus is a classic
paper
in the field. He is now professor and chairman of
neurosurgery
at Brown University School of Medicine.
Dr. Thomas P. Fehlner
Notre Dame, Indiana
An internationally recognized authority on boron hydride
chemistry, Dr. Fehl ner began his research in that field
while
he was a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins. He has
lectured
on the subject at universities across the world. In recent
years, he has shifted his research emphasis to synthetic
inorganic chemistry and continues his research as professor
of
chemistry at the University of Notre Dame.
Dr. John F. Foss
East Lansing, Michigan
Dr. Foss is a widely known experimentalist in fluid
mechanics and
has developed novel methods for the improvement of
measurement of
turbulent flows. He has also made major contributions to
undergraduate mechanical engineering education and
developed an
excellent laboratory course in fluid dynamics at Michigan
State
University. His approach and specific exercises have been
adopted by a number of other universities.
Dr. Stephen C. Joseph
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Dr. Joseph has a distinguished career as both a scholar and
active investigator in the field of public health. Among
other
important contributions, his work has helped combat the
AIDS
epidemic in New York. He has served in numerous government
posts, including that of deputy assistant administrator
for the
U.S. Agency for International Development. He is currently
dean
of the School of Public Health and a professor at the
University
of Minnesota.
Dr. James Roderick Jude
Miami, Florida
After training under Dr. Alfred Blalock, Dr. Jude continued
the
tradition of major advances in cardiovascular surgery and
related
areas, making especially important contributions to the
development of closed chest cardiac massage and electrical
defibrillation of the heart. In addition to a
distinguished
career in surgery, he is clinical professor of surgery at
the
University of Miami School of Medicine.
Dr. Otto F. Kernberg
White Plains, New York
An internationally recognized investigator and clinician in
the
field of psychiatry, Dr. Kernberg trained at Johns Hopkins
with
Dr. Jerome Frank and is currently associate chairman and
medical
director of New York Hospital Cornell Medical Center,
Westchester Division. His work has earned him numerous
awards,
including, in 1990, the first Mary S. Sigourney Award for
Distinguished Contributions in Psychoanalysis.
Dr. Kunio Okuda
Chiba, Japan
Dr. Okuda's interest in biochemistry was stimulated by work
at
Johns Hopkins on the physiological properties of vitamin
B-12.
His research resulted in several papers on the importance
of this
vitamin during pregnancy and on its interaction with factor
present in gastric juices that is necessary for the
absorption
of the vitamin into the bloodstream. He is now professor
emeritus at Chiba University Medical School.
Dr. Emmanuel T. Sarris
Xanthi, Greece
As a member of the European Science Foundation's Committee
of
Space Research, Dr. Sarris has played a leading role in
planning
the European space program. As professor of electrodynamics
at
the University of Thrace, he has greatly broadened the
university's role in space science. He was recently
appointed
director of the Institute for Ionospheric and Space
Physics at
the Athens Observatory, the principal organization in
Greece for
space research.
Dr. Antonio Ramirez de Verger
Sevilla, Spain
Dr. de Verger's studies of classical authors have led to
the
publication of a number of outstanding scholarly works,
including a critical edition of Ovid's Amores on which he
began
work while a visiting professor at Johns Hopkins. He has
not
only edited ancient authors, but also worked on late
medieval
texts that were of great importance for the voyages of
discovery
that ultimately led to the discovery of America.
Dr. Samuel S.C. Yen
La Jolla, California
An internationally known expert in neuroendocrinology, Dr.
Yen is
co-author of a text, Reproductive Endocrinology, which is
considered a classic in its field and is now in its third
edition. He is professor of reproductive medicine, director
of
the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, and holder of
the
W.R. Persons Chair in Reproductive Medicine at the
University of
California at San Diego.
Dr. James C. Allen
Charleston, South Carolina
A distinguished clinician and investigator, Dr. Allen made
seminal observations as a postdoctoral fellow that led to
the
finding of the GM allotypes on immunoglobulin heavy chains.
Later, in collaboration with Dr. Michael Apicella, he
demonstrated the immunopathogenesis of pleural effusions in
tuberculosis.
Dr. Camilla Persson Benbow
Ames, Iowa
A productive and creative investigator, Dr. Benbow received
four
Hopkins degrees, including a doctorate, by age 24 and was
promoted to full professor at Iowa State at 33. She is
widely
published in educational development and psychology.
Formerly a
co- director of the Study of Mathematically Precocious
Youth at
Hopkins, she has gone on to direct the study's Iowa State
location.
Dr. Morgan Berthrong
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Dr. Berthrong is widely known for his definitive studies of
radiation injury. He is regarded as an expert diagnostic
pathologist and an inspiring teacher. His list of
publications
includes entries in every decade from the 1940s to the
1990s.
Dr. David Grob
New York, New York
Dr. Grob, a medical educator and a researcher with a record
of
scholarship over nearly half a century, has long been
interested
in the physiology and pathophysiology of neuromuscular
transmission and in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis.
In
1982, his research in neuromuscular diseases won him the
achievement award of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation.
Dr. Lewis H. Kuller
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Dr. Kuller is one of the nation's leaders in clinical and
chronic
disease epidemiology, and has applied epidemiological
methods to
a wide variety of public health and clinical problems. His
publications play a significant role in bridging the gap
between
epidemiology and clinical medicine.
Dr. Michel F. Lechat
Brussels, Belgium
Dr. Lechat has served as president of the International
Leprosy
Association and the International Leprosy Union, and was
also one
of the first to suggest that epidemiologic principles
could be
applied to improving disaster preparedness and response. He
has
served as a World Health Organization consultant or adviser
in
two dozen nations.
Dr. George W. Mitchell, Jr.
San Antonio, Texas
Dr. Mitchell, an expert in gynecologic oncology and
gynecological
surgery, has set standards and policy at every level within
the
field of obstetrics and gynecology. His contributions have
been
recognized by the establishment of a chair in his name at
Tufts
University School of Medicine, where he is a former
department
chairman and now an emeritus professor.
Dr. Antonia C. Novello
Washington, D.C.
Dr. Novello, surgeon general of the U.S. Public Health
Service,
is the author or co-author of more than 75 articles and
chapters
on public health policy, nephrology, and pediatrics. She
is an
unflagging advocate of public health training and the need
to
attract more women and minorities into the field. She
continues
the tradition of using the office of surgeon general as a
platform from which to make important contributions to
public
knowledge of health issues, including AIDS, smoking, and
immunization.
Dr. Gary A. Prinz
Washington, D.C.
As a postdoctoral fellow, Dr. Prinz was the first to
observe
evidence for coupling between rare-earth ions in an
insulating
host crystal structure using high resolution spectroscopic
measurements. At the Naval Research Laboratory, he was the
first
to use pulsed molecular gas lasers as sources to carry out
magnetic resonance experiments in the far infrared. He was
elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in
1984.
Dr. Emil Reisler
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Reisler is internationally known for insightful work on
the
biochemical and biophysical properties of the contractile
proteins of muscle. He is considered a world leader in
using
biochemical approaches to clarify the molecular processes
in
muscle movement and force generation.
Dr. Michel J.A. Robert-Nicoud
Grenoble, France
Dr. Robert-Nicoud is known for pioneering contributions to
the
study of the cell nucleus, and chromosomes in particular.
He is
also highly regarded for his application of novel
microtechniques to the study and manipulation of
chromosomes,
and especially for single chromosome microsurgery and
confocal
microscopy.
Dr. James B. Snow, Jr.
Bethesda, Maryland
Dr. Snow's publications cover the entire range of
otolaryngology,
including taste and smell, head and neck cancer, and
auditory
research. His studies on the blood flow of the inner ear,
done
nearly 20 years ago, are still quoted in the clinical
literature. He has been director of the National Institutes
of
Health's new Institute on Deafness and Other Communication
Disorders since 1990.
Dr. Katepalli R. Sreenivasan New Haven, Connecticut An
established authority in the field of turbulence, Dr.
Sreenivasan, a professor of both mechanical engineering
and
physics at Yale, has, in recent years, pioneered the
application
of the new techniques of chaos and fractals to the study
of
turbulence, opening a new field of research.
Dr. G. Rainey Williams
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Dr. Williams, one of the outstanding cardiothoracic
surgeons
trained by Dr. Alfred Blalock in the 1940s and 1950s, is
one of
the few surgeons in the nation who have remained broadly
based,
performing general as well as thoracic, cardiac, and
vascular
surgery. He was among the first to successfully perform
limb
reimplantation.
Dr. Edward Ming-Yang Wu
Taipei, Taiwan
Dr. Wu has, since 1989, supervised Taiwan's water pollution
prevention and control efforts and research. He also has
done
extensive research in mathematical modeling of water
quality,
environmental systems analysis, water and waste water
engineering, and water resources engineering and systems
analysis.
Dr. Mason Cooke Andrews
Norfolk, Virginia
In a distinguished career of research, practice, and
leadership
in the field of gynecology and obstetrics, Dr. Andrews, as
an
educator and scholar, has expressed himself most
effectively
through his conceptual development and establishment of the
Eastern Virginia Medical School. He has also contributed
substantially to the public welfare in his community, being
the
major force in the revitalization of Norfolk's waterfront.
Dr.
Jeremiah A. Barondess New York, New York Dr. Barondess is a
distinguished practitioner of medicine, scholar, and
medical
statesman. His work demonstrates the importance of
scholarly
inquiry in improving and extending the place of medicine
and
physician care in our society. He has had a profound
impact on
three decades of residents in medicine, and his elegance
as a
clinical teacher is nationally renowned.
Dr. Robert J. Blendon
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. Blendon is one of the foremost researchers and policy
analysts in the field of health policy and management. As
senior
vice president of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, he
developed major research and demonstration initiatives on
issues
concerning access to health care for the disadvantaged. He
has
combined his management and operational responsibilities
with a
productive career in research on access to health care,
public
program analysis, and health policy and public opinion.
Dr. Alfonso Bosellini
Ferrara, Italy
Dr. Bosellini is internationally known for his geological
work in
the Dolomites of northern Italy. Recently, he was awarded
Italy's
highest honor for a scientist-the Gold Medal of the
Italian
National Academy. He is the author of more than 90
publications
in his field and has just finished a major,
post-graduate-level
work on sedimentary geology.
Dr. Robert H. Brook
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Brook is a leading figure in the development of the
science
of studies of the quality of health care and of health
care
delivery in the United States. He has been frequently
honored
and cited for his work. His research and publications deal
with
an impressive array of current and future health care and
health
systems issues. They reflect an incisive understanding of
the
complexities and rapid change in the organization,
outreach,
assessment, and relevance of the nation's health care
system.
Dr. Evan Calkins
Buffalo, New York
Dr. Calkins' career as a leader in American medicine
reflects his
many achievements, from chief resident at Massachusetts
General
Hospital to chairman of the Department of Medicine at the
Buffalo General Hospital to chairman of the Department of
Medicine at SUNY-Buffalo. In the latter position, his
vigorous
and visionary leadership brought the department into
national
and international prominence. He has, in more recent years,
turned his energetic and incisive focus to the issues and
problems of geriatrics and gerontology.
Dr. Pedro Cuatrecasas
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. Cuatrecasas' pioneering work in the development and use
of
solid-phase
technology for affinity purification of specific molecules
has
provided a radically new approach to the isolation of
proteins
and the analysis of enzyme-substrate binding,
ligand-receptor
interactions, and hormone action.
Dr. Herbert W. Dickerman*
Dr. Dickerman's early research contributions were in his
seminal
investigation of chain
initiation in protein biosynthesis. Even while heavily
engaged as
an administrator in the New York State Department of
Health, he
was still able to continue his research and to branch out
into a
new field of inquiry, studying biosynthesis and details of
modes
of action of estrogens. Beyond his research and
administrative
responsibilities as commissioner of health of New York
State,
Dr. Dickerman played a major role in organizing efforts to
understand and combat AIDS in that state.
Dr. Gottlieb C. Friesinger II
Nashville, Tennessee
Dr. Friesinger is a distinguished cardiovascular
investigator,
clinical cardiologist, and teacher. His research began with
a
focus on ischemic heart disease with special attention to
coronary blood flow and the natural history of ischemic
heart
disease in relation to coronary arterio-graphic findings.
The
Friesinger classification of coronary arteriographic
anatomy was
one of the first attempts to standardize the reporting of
results
of the then-new tool, the coronary arteriogram. He has also
investigated many other fields in cardiology, especially
ventricular function and the interaction between platelets
and
the vessel wall.
Dr. Elmer G. Gilbert
Ann Arbor, Michigan
For three decades, Dr. Gilbert has been a leading figure in
the
mathematical aspects of systems and control engineering.
His
publications on the structure of linear systems and the
linear
decoupling problems are classics, and for many years he
has been
an important contributor to the literature on optimal
control.
More recently, Dr. Gilbert has made fundamental
contributions to
nonlinear systems and control and has been exploring
control
problems in robotics.
Dr. Cyrus Herzl Gordon
New York, New York
Dr. Gordon's distinguished career has established his
reputation
as one of the most prominent Semitists of his generation.
In the
wide range of his many achievements, he will probably be
remembered most for his contributions to the new and
challenging
field of Ugaritic studies, where he and his writings have
held a
dominant position since the discovery and deciphering of
this
new Semitic language that is of enormous significance for
biblical studies.
Dr. John Collins Harvey
Washington, D.C.
Dr. Harvey is a distinguished academic physician and
clinical
scholar. He has played a key role in establishing the
gerontology program at the Georgetown University School of
Medicine. He has demonstrated a lifelong interest in issues
of
medical ethics and, after 10 years of study on a part-time
basis, he recently received the Ph.D. degree in moral
theology
from St. Mary's University. Because of his understanding
and
knowledge of medical ethics issues, he has been an
important
contributor to national and international conferences on a
wide
range of ethical topics.
Dr. Nathan O. Hatch
Notre Dame, Indiana
Through his outstanding monograph, The Sacred Cause of
Liberty:
Republican Thought and the Millennium in Revolutionary New
England, Dr. Hatch has illuminated the relationship
between
religion and politics in revolutionary New England and
thereby
established himself as one of the outstanding younger
scholars in
early American history. He is currently a professor in the
Department of History and vice president for advanced
studies at
the University of Notre Dame.
Dr. Bernadine P. Healy
Cleveland, Ohio
Dr. Healy occupies a distinguished position of leadership
in
American medicine as chair of the Research Institute of the
Cleveland Clinic Foundation. She has achieved a singularly
impressive record of accomplishment as a researcher in
cardiac
pathology and cardiomyopathy, as well as in her
administrative
career, as assistant dean for postdoctoral programs at The
Johns
Hopkins School of Medicine, as deputy director of the
Office of
Science and Technology Policy at the White House, as past
president of the American Federation for Clinical Research,
and
as president of the American Heart Association.
Dr. William Daniel Hillis
Waco, Texas
Dr. Hillis has an outstanding record of intellectual and
academic
achievements and an unusually strong record of community
service.
His contributions to medical research have been in the
fields of
virology and infectious diseases. His description, in
1961, of
hepatitis in a chimpanzee colony was the first indication
that
chimpanzees may be susceptible to human hepatitis, leading
to a
unique model for studies of pathogenesis and vaccination
with
hepatitis B virus. Other research has included a wide
range of
virus groups, especially with regard to their relevance to
clinical medicine, such as cytomegalovirus and hepatitis B
infections in renal transplant recipients and the role of
viruses in kidney diseases.
Dr. Lee Milton Howard
Falls Church, Virginia
Dr. Howard has been one of the nation's major contributors
to
solving health problems and establishing health programs in
developing countries. As chief of the USAID malaria
eradication
branch and later as director of USAID's Office of Health,
he was
the focus of the agency's many programs designed to improve
health in developing countries. Dr. Howard formulated the
agency's first efforts to extend low-cost health delivery
systems
on a national scale. These initiatives were the direct
predecessors of the World Health Organization's 1978
conference
on primary health care and formed the basis of the WHO
"Health
for All" program. Under his leadership in the Office of
Health,
A.I.D. extended its efforts in maternal and child health,
environmental sanitation, and programs of oral
rehydration.
Dr. John O'Neal Humphries
Columbia, South Carolina
Dr. Humphries is best known for his contributions to
cardiology,
both as an investigator and as a teacher. His major
accomplishments in research deal with the correlation of
cardiac
physical signs with physiology as determined by cardiac
catheterization and angiography. A background in
epidemiology
also led to one of his major contributions investigating
the
natural history of ischemic heart disease in relation to
arteriographic findings in a group of patients followed
over a
period of 12 years.
Dr. Maurice H. Lessof
London, England
Dr. Lessof is the senior figure in clinical immunology in
the
United Kingdom today. Throughout his career, he has also
stayed
at the forefront of allergy research. He initiated studies
into
Addison's disease and Hashimoto's Struma. Subsequent
investigations included food allergy, asthma, lupus,
eczema,
urticaria, migraine, and bee venom allergy.
Dr. Anthony P. Mahowald
Cleveland, Ohio
Dr. Mahowald is an international leader in developmental
biology
in general, and in the area of Drosophila developmental
genetics
in particular. He is well-known for his research on the
Drosophila embryo and for his masterful combination of
genetic
and developmental methods to the elucidation of the
cytological
and biochemical basis of embryogenesis. He has
demonstrated the
continuity of polar granules during the life cycle of
Drosophila
and provided one of the first documentations of DNA in
mitochondria. With Allan Spaulding, he co-discovered DNA
amplification in follicle cells.
Dr. James O. Mason
Washington, D.C.
Dr. Mason is assistant secretary for health, Department of
Health
and Human Services. He was formerly executive director,
Utah
Department of Health, and has held numerous positions in
the
U.S. Public Health Service, culminating in the directorship
of
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.
He is
the author of numerous scientific papers in the field of
public
health.
Dr. Michael H. Merson
Geneva, Switzerland
Dr. Merson has had an exceptional career with service in a
variety of settings. The primary focus of his research has
been
the study and treatment of diarrheal disease. From his work
as
chief of the Enteric Diseases Branch of the Centers for
Disease
Control and Prevention to chief medical epidemiologist of
the
Cholera Research Laboratory in Bangladesh to his current
achievements as director of both the World Health
Organization's
Program to Control Diarrhoeal Diseases and the Acute
Respiratory
Infection Control Program, Dr. Merson has amply
demonstrated his
extraordinary skills and commitment to the relief of major
health
problems of developing countries.
Dr. Allen H. Neims
Gainesville, Florida
Dr. Neims is one of the outstanding scholars in
pharmacology
today, having made major contributions to our
understanding of
numerous drugs and their biological mechanisms, including
caffeine. He has made important contributions, also, to the
understanding of mitochondrial DNA.
Dr. Stephen L. Passman
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Dr. Passman's early studies focused on the kinematics of
continuous media. He later investigated Cosserat theories
of
plates and shells and then the flow of granular materials,
porous media, multiphase flow, and theories of damage. His
research in the past decade has concentrated on
mathematical the
ories of fundamental aspects of thermomec-hanics of
materials.
Dr. Mario G. Pitteri
Padova, Italy
Dr. Pitteri has studied deeply and broadly in mathematics,
the
foundations of mechanics, thermomechanics and its history,
and
the mathematical aspects of the kinetic theory of gases.
He has
also explored thermodynamics, the non-linear Boltzmann
equation,
and the twinning crystals. His published work on the latter
is
already a classic and widely cited. Dr. Pitteri's papers on
kinetic theory provide counterexamples refuting widely
diffused
and incorrect beliefs.
Dr. Sheikh Riazuddin
Lahore, Pakistan
Dr. Riazuddin has distinguished credentials both as a
prominent
biochemist and molecular biologist and as an educator and
director of an international research center associated
with the
University of the Punjab in his native Pakistan. He has
made
significant contributions to our understanding of the
range of
biochemical mechanisms employed by prokaryotic organisms
in the
repair of chromosomes damaged by ultraviolet light or
alkylating
agents. Dr. Riazuddin has recently extended his research
into
more applied areas. This work has led to the discovery and
isolation of several new enzymes, some of which will surely
be of
significant practical value to the fields of molecular
biology
and recombinant DNA research.
Dr. David L. Rimoin
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Rimoin is a leader in the field of medical genetics and
was
the founding chairman of the American Board of Medical
Genetics.
He is known for his contributions in the area of the
genetics of
endocrine disorders and particularly for his contributions
to the
understanding of genetic disorders of the skeleton and
inheritable disorders of connective tissue.
Dr. T. Franklin Williams
Bethesda, Maryland
Dr. Williams' career has been a dynamic blend of several
research
areas. His early contributions involved the study of water
and
electrolyte physiology in man and then on factors
influencing the
quality of medical care and family studies of disease.
Subsequently, Dr. Williams turned his focus to glucose and
potassium fluxes in the liver, and produced perceptive
writings
on practical problems of diabetes management. For the past
15
years, he has earned a worldwide reputation for his studies
on
the specific medical problems of the elderly.
Dr. David B. Wilson
Ithaca, New York
As a leader in the field of molecular biochemistry, Dr.
Wilson
has successfully combined the intellectual and experimental
techniques of biochemistry, genetics, and regulatory
biology in
exploring complex processes occurring within bacterial
cells. He
has already contributed significantly to our understanding
of the
complex bacterial cellulase enzyme system, and is adding
considerably to the knowledge of mechanisms of bacterial
protein
secretion. His unusually imaginative, thorough, and
disciplined
basic research is shedding new light on the detailed
molecular
mechanisms by which living cells control some of their most
vital
functions.
Dr. Ian N.R. Creese
Newark, New Jersey
Dr. Creese has focused his research on the link between
behavior
and specific neurotransmitters. Subsequent to the
publication of
classic papers on the role of dopamine and the effects of
other
psychoactive drugs, he was able to identify two distinct
types
of dopamine receptors. Dr. Creese's work has direct
application
to the understanding of supersensitivity to neuroleptic
drugs and
to the alteration in synaptic transmission with aging.
Dr. Paul Allen Ebert
Chicago, Illinois
Dr. Ebert is one of the world's outstanding pediatric heart
surgeons. In addition to his clinical activities, he has
played
a major role in the development of surgery in this
country, has
contributed extensively to the literature, and chaired
departments at two major institutions before becoming
director of
the American College of Surgeons.
Dr. Charles Edwards
Albany, New York
Dr. Edwards has concentrated his research on the electro-
neurophysiology of single cells, where he made signal
contributions to our understanding of the processes that
control
and modify electrical activity of nerve and muscle. In
addition
to his laboratory research, Dr. Edwards is noted for his
role in
international education and as the author of highly
regarded
critical reviews that are especially valued for their
historical
perspective.
Dr. Neil Heiman
Fremont, California
Dr. Heiman developed important techniques using muon spin
resonance to study the magnetic behavior of impurities in
solids. His investigations have been especially useful in
describing the properties of ultrathin magnetic films, a
field
of intense commercial interest.
Dr. Gordon R. Hennigar
Charleston, South Carolina
Dr. Hennigar is a prominent diagnostic pathologist whose
research
focus has been on chemical and drug toxicity. He also has
taken a
lead role in the development of forensic pathology in a
number
of eastern states and is active in many professional
societies.
Dr. Dudley P. Jackson
Washington, D.C.
Dr. Jackson began his work in hematology with studies of
the
effects of radiation injury. His later work, which has
been
recognized by a number of important awards, has
concentrated on
blood coagulation mechanisms and the role of platelets.
Dr. Sushila Nayar
New Delhi, India
Dr. Nayar has been a central figure in the development of
health
care programs and educational institutes in India for more
than
four decades. During her service as Minister of Health,
many
fundamental health programs were established, including
the
treatment and control of malaria, venereal disease,
tuberculosis, and leprosy. She also was active in the
establishment of emergency medical services in New Delhi.
Dr.
Nayar is the founder of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute of
Medical
Sciences, which brings medical training to the rural
areas, and
she continues to be active in programs of the institute.
Dr. Sidney Raffel
Stanford, California
Dr. Raffel conducted early work on the immunological
specificity
of tissue and cell antigens, including investigations of a
group
of heat-stable haptens of organs and tissues. His studies
delineated the relationship between hypersensitivity and
immunity
in tuberculosis and related diseases. Dr. Raffel has been
an
active participant in the development of several national
committees concerned with research in allergies and
infectious
diseases.
Dr. Bernard Roizman
Chicago, Illinois
Dr. Roizman is one of the world's outstanding virologists.
Following his early work with poliomyelitis, he has
studied the
herpes virus with special emphasis on its relationship to
cancer. Dr. Roizman's educational efforts include
editorships of
several journals and organizational roles in a number of
international meetings.
Dr. Robert D. Simoni
Stanford, California
Dr. Simoni is a leading contributor to our understanding of
cellular transport. He has studied the properties of these
processes for a number of systems, with special interest
in
sugar and cholesterol transport.
Dr. Henry Sussman
Buffalo, New York
Dr. Sussman is an expert on literary comparisons and on the
use
of language. Wide-ranging in his approach to literature,
Dr.
Sussman has written and lectured on authors from Hegel and
Hawthorne to Kierkegaard and Kafka.
Dr. Leslie P. Weiner
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Weiner is a leader in the field of neurology. Recently,
he
has applied molecular biological techniques to the study
of
chronic viral infection of the nervous system and to
chronic
demyelination with great success. Dr. Weiner has served
the
academic community as a member of the advisory board of a
number
of national organizations concerned with neurology.
Dr. David G. Whittingham
Carshalton, United Kingdom
Dr. Whittingham has made numerous fundamental contributions
to
our understanding of the cellular and molecular processes
involved in fertilization, embryogenesis, and oviductal
function.
His description of the role of energy sources in gamete
differentiation and his development of in vitro
preservation
techniques for mammalian embryos continue to have a
profound
impact on the agricultural and reproductive sciences as
well as
on genetics and developmental biology.
Dr. Lilia Alberghina
Milan, Italy
A specialist in plant physiology, Dr. Alberghina's research
on
ribosomal
growth and the synthesis of RNA has clarified the
mechanisms of
cell regulation in microbial and mammalian systems.
Currently,
she is engaged in a program to explore the use of
biotechnology
in Italian industry. Dr. Alberghina is the recipient of
the 1986
Antonio Feltrinelli Award for Biology from the National
Academy
of Lincei.
Dr. Bobby Ray Alford
Houston, Texas
Dr. Alford is an authority on the physiology of hearing and
balance in animals and man. He has been honored for his
research
and leadership abilities by the American Medical
Association, the
American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, and
the
Michael E. DeBakey International Society.
Dr. John D. Axe
Upton, New York
Dr. Axe's research contributions in spectroscopy have
advanced
atomic and crystal field optical spectroscopy, electronic
transition probabilities, laser spectroscopy, and
structured
phase transitions by neutron scattering. Dr. Axe is a
fellow of
the American Physical Society, the recipient of the
Bertram
Eugene Warren Diffraction Physics Award, and a member of
several
committees concerned with the national research program in
condensed matter physics.
Dr. John Bongaarts
New York, New York
An internationally recognized scholar of mathematical
demography
and demographic methodology, Dr. Bongaarts' quantified
model on
the proximate determinants of fertility has had a major
influence
in identifying and resolving issues in fertility policy.
In a
recent publication, he has suggested an alternative to the
one-child family in China, a proposal which is stimulating
an
examination of alternative paths to population
stabilization and
which will influence the lives of hundreds of millions of
people.
Dr. R. Gordon Douglas, Jr.
New York, New York
Dr. Douglas is recognized as an international authority on
viral
infections, especially those of respiratory tract viruses.
His
research has included the natural history of infection,
mechanism
of spread, immune response, and vaccine efficacy and
chemotherapy
on a wide range of viruses including herpes and
rhinovirus.
Dr. Thomas F. Ferris
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Dr. Ferris conducted the definitive studies of the role of
angiotensin and prostaglandins in the regulation of
uterine
blood flow in pregnancy. Considered an authority on
diseases of
the kidney and renal physiology, Dr. Ferris is also widely
recognized as a teacher, having served as visiting
professor at
more than 30 institutions during the past decade.
Dr. Neal Nathanson
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
An epidemiologist, virologist, and immunologist, Dr.
Nathanson
served for 23 years on the faculty of the School of
Hygiene and
Public Health. In addition to major contributions to the
epidemiology and virology of poliomyelitis, the slow
viruses,
and encephalitis, he has examined important theoretical
considerations for the eradication of viruses from human
populations.
Dr. Pieter A.C. Raats
Haren, The Netherlands
An expert on the mechanics of soils, Dr. Raats has created
mathematical models describing the transport of mass and
momentum
for particular kinds and circumstances of soils. He has
served
on a number of Dutch national committees concerned with
soil
science.
Dr. Thomas A. Stamey
Stanford, California
Dr. Stamey is internationally recognized for his
understanding of
renovascular hypertension and recurrent urinary tract
infections.
His work has led to effective treatment of such infections,
particularly in women. Dr. Stamey is now directing a major
study
of the pathology of prostatic cancer and the role of
oncogenes in
the development and progression of the disease. He served
on the
faculty of the School of Medicine from 1958 to 1961.
Dr. Katharine Boucot Sturgis*
In addition to extensive work on diseases of the chest,
from
tuberculosis to lung cancer, Dr. Sturgis
was responsible for the development of the Department of
Preventive Medicine at Women's Medical College of
Pennsylvania. A
nationally recognized leader in preventive medicine, she
served
as the first woman president or vice president of more than
a
half-dozen professional organizations.
Dr. Edvardas Varnauskas
Guteborg, Sweden
A cardiologist who has made important contributions to our
understanding of pulmonary blood volume, Dr. Varnauskas
has
provided new insights into the relationships between
pulmonary
blood flow and diffusing capacity at rest and during
exercise.
As a World Health Organization consultant, he has played
an
active role in guiding cardiac care throughout the world.
Dr. Karlman Wasserman
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Wasserman is a leader in the study of respiratory
control
during exercise and its role in pulmonary rehabilitation.
He has
been particularly active in the study of respiratory
physiology
and pulmonary medicine.
Dr. Samuel Alonzo Wells, Jr.
St. Louis, Missouri
One of the outstanding leaders in academic surgery today,
Dr.
Wells is especially known for his laboratory and clinical
investigations in surgical endocrinology. He has received
the
Resident Essay Award from the James Ewing Society, a
Special
Fellowship from the National Cancer Institute, and the
Distinguished Alumnus Award from Duke University Medical
Center.
Dr. Moshe Abeles
Philadelphia, Pennsylva
nia Dr. Abeles is widely recognized for his work on the
neocortex
and local circuits in the brain. He has received prizes
for his
papers on EEG synchronizing and desynchronizing neurons
and for
his work on computer-aided analysis of nerve cell
activity.
Dr. Haroutune Armenian
Beirut, Lebanon
Dr. Armenian is a leader in epidemiology, with interests
ranging
from cancer and
heart disease to medical care delivery practices. As dean
of the
School of Public Health at the American University of
Beirut, he
has continued excellent research and educational
administration
despite the city's current chaos.
Dr. Ernesto Carafoli
Zurich, Switzerland
Well known for his studies on the role of mitochondria in
calcium
metabolism, Dr. Carafoli helped identify the uptake and
exit
pathways for calcium in this organelle. He is also an
authority
on the bioenergetics of normal and pathological states.
Dr. Denton A. Cooley
Houston, Texas
One of the world's premier heart surgeons, Dr. Cooley was
among
the small group of surgeons working at Johns Hopkins with
Dr.
Alfred Blalock in pioneering the development of cardiac
surgery.
He has been honored throughout the world for his
outstanding
contributions to the field.
Dr. Gilles Marc Corcos
Berkeley, California
Combining work in theoretical and experimental aspects of
fluid
mechanics, Dr. Corcos was a pioneer in measuring the
pressure
fluctuations and acoustical properties of turbulent
boundary
layers. More recently, he has focused on the mathematical
modeling of turbulent shear layers.
Dr. Milton Thomas Edgerton
Charlottesville, Virginia
A prolific contributor to the literature of reconstructive
surgery and a skilled surgeon, Dr. Edgerton has advanced
the
procedures used in reconstruction necessitated by birth
defects,
war wounds, cancer, and burns. He has also been concerned
with
the psychiatric aspects of such surgery.
Dr. Wayne A. Hendrickson
New York, New York
Using crystallographic and magnetic resonance techniques,
Dr.
Hendrickson has helped to determine the structure of
biologically
important molecules. He has also contributed to the
advancement
of analysis techniques used in crystallography, and
performed
important long-term studies of hemoglobin and
hemerythrins.
Dr. Georgeanna Seegar Jones
Norfolk, Virginia
Dr. Georgeanna Seegar Jones has had a distinguished career
in
gynecology and obstetrics, concentrating on the effects of
hormones on the reproductive process; her work has been
complemented for almost 50 years with that of her husband,
Dr.
Howard Jones. Together they have won international acclaim
for
the establishment of the first in vitro fertilization
program in
the United States.
Dr. Howard Wilbur Jones
Norfolk, Virginia
Working with his wife, Dr. Georgeanna Seegar Jones, Dr.
Howard
Jones has concentrated on the surgical aspects of
gynecology,
with a particular focus on aspects of malformation and on
cancer. His studies, conducted in collaboration with his
wife,
led to the first in vitro fertilization program in the
United
States.
Dr. Robert G. Petersdorf
La Jolla, California
For more than 30 years, Dr. Petersdorf has been a leader in
research on bacteremia and its consequences, such as
fever,
infective endocarditis, and meningitis. Moreover, he has
been a
practical and forceful leader in the evolution of the
academic
medical establishment to meet society's needs.
Dr. Raymond Seltser
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Dr. Seltser is widely recognized for his epidemiological
studies
in the treatment of pneumonia, cerebrovascular disease, and
the
effects of radiation on physicians. Dean of the Graduate
School
of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh, he is
also
well-known for his outstanding leadership in public health
education.
Dr. Morton M. Weber
Saint Louis, Missouri
Dr. Weber is an internationally recognized authority on
electron
transport in biologically important materials, especially
Mycobacterium phlei. He has also made important
contributions in
his research on the effect of light and other regulators
in
electron transport and energy metabolism.
Dr. William O. Williams
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
An international authority in the field of continuum
thermomechanics, Dr. Williams has concentrated on the
mechanics
and thermomech-anics of mixtures. His contributions have
ranged
from discussion of the foundation of thermodynamics and
mature
theory to models for muscular contraction.
Dr. Jo Eirik Asvall
Copenhagen, Denmark
Dr. Asvall's efforts led to the reorganization of the
Norwegian
health care system and the introduction of one of Europe's
most
sophisticated data systems. As director of the Regional
Office
for Europe of the World Health Organization, he is now
fostering
imaginative programs in health planning for the European
community.
Dr. Ivan L. Bennett, Jr.*
Dr. Bennett's record of distinguished national service in
research, medical education, and the
shaping of health policy included administrative posts as
department director and acting director of the Office of
Science
and Technology.
Dr. Leighton E. Cluff
Princeton, New Jersey
Dr. Cluff is executive vice president of the Robert Wood
Johnson
Foundation, where he carries out a broad range of policies
designed to improve health care delivery systems. He has
also
made important contributions to research on infectious
diseases.
Dr. John Thomas Grayhack
Chicago, Illinois
Dr. Grayhack is professor and chairman of the Department of
Urology and director of the Kretschmer Laboratory at
Northwestern University Medical School. He is one of the
nation's leading urologists, and his research has broadly
advanced the detection and treatment of prostatic and
bladder
diseases.
Dr. Merel H. Harmel
Durham, North Carolina
The first anesthesiology resident at Hopkins, Dr. Harmel is
professor in the Department of Anesthesiology at the Duke
University Medical Center. A leader in the development of
anesthesiology, he has served three major universities as
anesthesiology chairman.
Dr. Horace Louis Hodes*
Dr. Hodes was Distinguished Service Professor in the
Department
of Pediatrics at Mount Sinai
School of Medicine in New York City. Blending research and
clinical service, he contributed to the basic understanding
of
the structure and behavior of viruses, and was a role model
for
many young physicians.
Dr. Thomas P. Hughes
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania A scholar in the history of
19th- and
20th-century technology, Dr. Hughes is the author of
two landmark publications about the nature of technological
change: Elmer Sperry - Inventor and Engineer and Networks
of
Power - Electrification of Western Society 1880-1930.
Dr. Ingo Muller
Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
Dr. Muller is an authority on thermodynamics, including
irreversible processes and
relativistic thermodynamics. His influential publications
are
widely cited and used, both in this country and in
Europe.
Dr. David C. Sabiston, Jr.
Durham, North Carolina
A leading figure in cardiac surgery, Dr. Sabiston has
produced
important research in the physiology of coronary
circulation and
in myocardial metabolism, and has performed pioneering work
in
the development of coronary artery bypass grafts.
Dr. Mikio Shikita
Chiba-shi, Japan
Dr. Shikita directs chemical pharmacology at the National
Institute of Radiological Sciences in Japan. His research
has
attracted worldwide attention in his field and has led to a
better understanding of many aspects of steroid
biochemistry and
radiation protection.
Dr. Te Pao Wang
Shanghai, China
While at Johns Hopkins, Dr. Wang carried out pioneering
studies
in an area of biochemistry that became important in
developing
basic approaches to modern enzymology. His recent
research, on
the structure and function of transfer RNAs, culminated in
the
synthesis of several transfer RNAs and is recognized
throughout
the world as an important contribution to molecular biology
and
biochemistry.
Dr. James J. Whalen
Buffalo, New York
Dr. Whalen's research has been of great importance in
developing
compact, complex computers through the study of
electromagnetic
compatibility and of fault tolerance in electronic devices
and
circuits.
Dr. Henry I. Yamamura
Tucson, Arizona
Dr. Yamamura is a leader in psychopharmacology. His studies
of
receptor sites in the brain and his work with clin-ical
colleagues have added substantially to the studies of
neurotransmitter abnormalities in such brain diseases as
Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases.
Dr. Guillermo Arbona
Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
As secretary of health for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,
Dr.
Arbona developed a regional system of health service
delivery,
providing effective treatment to a low-income population
in an
area subject to tropical disease.
Dr. Charles C.J. Carpenter
Bethesda, Maryland
Dr. Carpenter's early research was on the role of the
renin-angiotensin system in control of aldosterone
secretion. He
also has made major contributions to the knowledge of
cholera,
with particular emphasis on its therapeutic management.
Dr. David B. Clark
Lexington, Kentucky
Recognized nationally as one of the most gifted teachers in
clinical neurology, Dr. Clark has also helped shape the
development of child neurology, using the tools of
neurology and
the neuro-sciences to study the developmental problems of
the
human nervous system.
Dr. Francis R. Hama
Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany
Dr. Hama has been a pioneer experimenter in the instability
of
subsonic and supersonic laminar boundary layer flows along
solid
surfaces, and on their transition to turbulent flow,
developing
efficient devices for hastening the transition and carrying
out
analyses important to understanding curved vortices.
Dr. Joseph E. Johnson III
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Dr. Johnson, whose research contributions to the study of
staphylococcal infections and adverse drug reactions are
well-known, has also published extensively on the amplified
migration inhibition effect and pulmonary host defense
mechanisms. Chairman of the Department of Medicine at Wake
Forest University, he has served as president of the
Association
of Professors of Medicine.
Professor Peter J. Parish
London, England
Internationally recognized as a scholar of American
history,
Professor Parish has received special praise for his book
The
American Civil War. At the time of his election to the
society,
he was at work on an introductory text on American history,
intended particularly for non-American students.
Dr. Stephen Joseph Ryan, Jr.
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Ryan is one of the outstanding investigators in
ophthalmology, specializing in macular diseases and retinal
detachment. Since 1974 he has been chairman of the
Department of
Ophthalmology at the University of Southern California,
and
since 1977 medical director of the Doheny Eye
Foundation.
Dr. Asher P. Schick
Jerusalem, Israel
Dr. Schick is a world authority on the hydrology and
geomorphology of true desert basins with low annual
precipitation. His knowledge, acquired over 18 years of a
continuous measurement program in small desert catchments
in the
mountains of Israel, constitutes the basis for qualitative
comparisons of landforms from arid to tropical regions.
Dr. Donald W. Simborg
San Francisco, California
Dr. Simborg has developed computer-based approaches to the
investigation of cardiac arrhythmias and has devised
computer-based solutions to many biomedical problems. An
early
advocate of modular systems implemented on minicomputers
and
integrated by networking, he is an expert in clinical
information
systems.
Dr. Frank Cole Spencer
New York, New York
Dr. Spencer has achieved widespread acclaim for his
contributions
to cardiac surgery, especially coronary artery bypass
surgery. He
has also developed major advances in such diverse areas as
the
operative prevention of pulmonary emboli, the treatment of
complications of acute pancreatitis, and the management of
liver
abscess and liver trauma.
Dr. Newman Lloyd Stephens
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Dr. Stephens' research on the velocity of muscle shortening
and
the events involved in relaxation using certain
pharmacological
agents is applicable to areas of airways disease, such as
asthma.
It also provides the foundation for the understanding of
smooth
muscle behavior to antigen challenge, and the alteration of
this
behavior by drugs.
Dr. Paul D. Stolley
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
An epidemiologist, Dr. Stolley has helped develop the field
known
as pharmaco-epidemiology, which uses epidemiological
methods to
identify possible adverse effects of drugs. He has also
been
active in helping to formulate guidelines for the use of
drugs
both in this country and abroad.
Dr. Harry L. Swinney
Austin, Texas
Dr. Swinney has made major advances in the study of
turbulence
and the instabilities in both chemical and hydro- dynamic
systems. His detailed studies of the critical phenomena in
fluids have led to a more complete understanding of
thermodynamic
properties of chemical systems. Similar detailed studies
of
fluid flows and chemical reactions have changed the
understanding
of the apparently random behavior of systems of many
particles.
Dr. Mordhay Avron*
Dr. Avron contributed extensively to the study of
photosynthesis,
especially in
identifying the coupling between photo-induced electron
transport
and the synthesis of ATP, the universal energy currency of
living systems.
Dr. Ross J. Baldessarini
Belmont, Massachusetts
Internationally recognized for his work in
psychopharmacology,
Dr. Baldessarini has played an important part in
integrating
basic neurochemical and neuropharmacologic research into
clinical
psychiatry, through both his research and his writings.
Dr. Shao-chiung Cheng
Beijing, People's Republic of China
For more than 50 years, Dr. Cheng has contributed to the
control of disease in animals in China. After early work
on
diagnostic antigens he turned to the development and
evaluation
of vaccines to control rinderpest, a disease of cattle. By
1957
this disease, which had killed millions of animals yearly
in
China, had been totally eradicated.
Dr. Malcolm Andrew Ferguson-Smith
Glasgow, Scotland
Dr. Ferguson-Smith's work was instrumental in clarifying
the
clinical and cytogenetic features of Klinefelter syndrome,
and
he was among the first investigators to successfully use
depletion mapping of human chromosomes.
Dr. Joseph J. Ferretti
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
A leader in the genetic analysis of pathogenic
streptococci, Dr.
Ferretti has also contributed to the assay of toxins and
the
genetic basis for toxin formation by bacteria. His work on
the
basic mechanism responsible for antibiotic resistance in
streptococci has special clinical value.
Dr. Carlos Luis Gonzalez
Caracas, Venezuela
Dr. Gonzalez has had a distinguished career in public
health,
exemplified by his extensive work with the World Health
Organization and the Pan American Health Organization. His
studies of the comparative mortality experience of
populations in
North and South America represented a major contribution
to the
understanding of problems of health and disease in the
Americas.
Dr. Richard B. Hornick
Rochester, New York
Dr. Hornick has made important contributions in the field
of
infectious diseases, especially the study of typhoid fever.
His
widely recognized leadership ability has resulted in
numerous
appointments to editorial review boards and oversight
committees.
Dr. Julius R. Krevans
San Francisco, California
An active contributor to the field of hematology, Dr.
Krevans has
also been an influential spokesman in medical education.
The
broad view he has expressed on the structure of health
care
systems has gained him a prominent role in both national
and
international discussions of this important topic.
Dr. Dwight C. McGoon
Rochester, New York
Dr. McGoon has gained an international reputation in the
field of
cardiac surgery. His prominence in this area has been
demonstrated by his election to leadership positions in a
number
of national surgical associations.
Dr. David L. Miller
London, England
Dr. Miller's interest in infectious diseases, particularly
in
acute respiratory infections, has led to his increasingly
important role in British public health. Recently, Dr.
Miller
has been actively involved in assessing the benefits of
pertussis vaccination, and in the WHO program for control
of
active respiratory diseases.
Dr. David E. Rogers*
President of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Dr. Rogers
is a
leader in the fields of
medical education and research. His own research has
resulted in
major contributions to the understanding of complications
inherent in influenza epidemics, the basic biology of the
staphylococcus botulism, and the understanding of
histoplasmosis.
Dr. Hiroyuki Suga
Osaka, Japan
With a rare combination of physiological scholarship and
biomedical engineering talent, Dr. Suga has gained an
international reputation in cardiovascular dynamics. His
detailed studies of system parameters, associated with
cardiac
function, have led to new views of the most appropriate
measurements to indicate the health of the heart.
Dr. Piero Villaggio
Pisa, Italy
Dr. Villaggio's research has covered many areas in solid
mechanics, and his work in the field of classical
elasticity is
particularly important. Organizing the mathematical work
on the
qualitative theory of partial differential equations, he
has
illustrated how this structure can be used to improve
understanding of practical elastic phenomena.
Dr. Maurice M. Bursey
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
A chemist, Dr. Bursey has conducted extensive research in
ion
cyclotron resonance spectrometry, and has developed
laser-assisted field desorption as a technique for
thermally
labile molecules.
Dr. J. Michael Criley
Torrance, California
Combining his skills as a photographer and as a cardiac
physiologist, Dr. Criley has elucidated many cardiac
con-ditions, including the use of X-ray motion pictures to
clar-ify the physiology of closed-chest cardiac
resuscitation.
Dr. Carlos Eyzaquirre
Salt Lake City, Utah
Beginning with his study of fiber types in Hering's nerve,
Dr.
Eyzaquirre has contributed to the understanding of the
carotid
body. He later extended his work to include studies of the
presence of acetycholine in the carotid body and its
response to
exogenous application of this neurotransmitter.
Dr. Hans Fuchtbauer
Bochum, West Germany
As one of the world's preeminent sedimentologists, Dr.
Fuchtbauer
has elucidated the mode of formation of a variety of
sediments
from evaporates to sandstones. He has also contributed
significantly to the literature of carbonate
geochemistry.
Dr. Robert S. Gordon, Jr.*
Dr. Gordon's desire to apply his research on
gastrointestinal
physiology to practical public
health problems led to his pioneering work on cholera in
Dacca.
While working in the office of the director of the National
Institutes of Health, he encouraged the development of
survey
research as an important element in providing
cost-effective
health care.
Dr. Marvin A. Griffin*
Dr. Griffin applied operations research to a variety of
problems,
from efficient telemetry of
data to industrial application of transportation queuing.
He also
actively contributed to the use of simulated systems by
managers.
Dr. C. Rollins Hanlon
Chicago, Illinois
As director of the American College of Surgeons since 1969,
Dr.
Hanlon, a cardio-thoracic surgeon, has effectively
promoted the
unity of surgery and the surgical specialties in shaping
health
policies.
Dr. Elizabeth Dexter Hay
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. Hay has helped focus the attention of developmental
biologists on the inductive role of the extracellular
matrix
during embryogenesis. In addition to her research, she has
provided leadership on the national level by serving as
editor-in-chief for a major journal and as president of two
major
professional societies.
Dr. Gordon L. Kane
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. Kane is highly regarded among physicists for his
analyses of
experiments crucial to understanding new theoretical
approaches
to elementary particle physics-analyses that demonstrate
his
ability to understand the subtle aspects of theoretical
and
experiential work in this field.
Dr. David M. Kipnis
St. Louis, Missouri
An outstanding physician and scientist, Dr. Kipnis has
performed
valuable research on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
health
and disease, particularly diabetes. In 1981 his work earned
him
election to the National Academy of Sciences.
Dr. Carl Kupfer
Bethesda, Maryland
Dr. Kupfer is internationally known for his studies in
pathogenesis of glaucoma and the experimental pharmacology
of
the control of intraocular pressure. As director of the
National
Eye Institute, he also was instrumental in promoting an
effective
study of the role of photocoagulation in treating diabetic
retinopathy.
Dr. Leonard T. Kurland
Rochester, New York
Dr. Kurland's application of epidemiological methods to
neurological diseases led to an elucidation of the
influence of
environmental factors in the development of neurologic
disorders.
His work has also led to valuable studies of cancer,
digestive
diseases, and vascular diseases.
Dr. Harry Orlinsky*
A biblical scholar, Dr. Orlinsky translated ancient texts
for
Jewish and Christian readers
with particular attention to maintaining accuracy and
faithfulness to the original texts. He also wrote
extensively on
interpretations of the ancient texts, drawing on history
and
archaeology to support his analyses.
Dr. Francine V. Schrijen
Cedex, France
Dr. Schrijen has focused her research on the effect of
respiratory diseases on pulmonary blood flow and on
systemic
circulation, using animal and clinical studies to
investigate
the interrelations between respiratory mechanics, gas
exchange,
pulmonary circulation, and systemic circulation.
Dr. Erwin H. Ackerknecht*
A historian of medicine, Dr. Ackerknecht is best known for
his
Short History of Medicine and
Short History of Psychiatry. His monograph "Malaria in the
Upper
Mississippi Valley" has influenced students of U.S.
history as
well as students of the history of medicine.
Dr. Henry T. Bahnson
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Dr. Bahnson was a pioneer in vascular and cardiothoracic
surgery
and has made significant contributions to surgery in both
acquired and congenital heart disease.
Professor Genevi E8ve Compte-Bellot
Ecully, France
Professor Compte-Bellot is one of the world's leading
experimentalists in fluid mechanics and acoustics. In
addition
to her work in turbulence and two-dimensional models of
fluid
motion, she has assumed national administrative
responsibilities
in France.
Dr. Wilbur Downs*
Dr. Downs' studies of malaria and arboviruses have greatly
expanded our knowledge of
these infections. Dr. Downs was also active as a consultant
on a
wide range of international health problems.
Dr. Leon Eisenberg
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. Eisenberg has helped to raise child psychiatry to its
present
distinguished position in American clinical medicine. His
own
work has focused on the issues of minimal brain
dysfunction,
accurate diagnosis, and hyperkinetic children.
Dr. Clarence V. Hodges
Kailwa-Kona, Hawaii
With Dr. Charles Huggins, Dr. Hodges co-authored the first
paper
to describe the profound effects of hormonal manipulation
on
patients suffering from disseminated prostatic cancer. His
career
continued to highlight research on the prostate gland,
work
which earned him national recognition.
Dr. Theodor Koller
Zurich, Switzerland
Dr. Koller helped to develop procedures permitting the
direct
electron-microscopic study of DNA's interaction with
protein
molecules. These techniques have been used to advance
understanding of how information is transcribed from DNA
into
RNA.
Dr. Thomas W. Langfitt
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Internationally recognized for his basic research in the
pathophysiology of head injury, Dr. Langfitt has played a
central role in the understanding of increased
intracranial
pressure and its effects on brain function.
Dr. Sherman M. Mellinkoff
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Mellinkoff has conducted important research in
gastroenterology, and his studies of amino acid metabolism
in
liver disease and of familial Mediterranean fever have been
highly influential. His tenure as dean of the UCLA medical
school has been marked by the emergence of that institution
as
one of the country's leading medical schools.
Dr. Baruch Modan
Tel Hashomer, Israel
Dr. Modan's epidemiological studies of the effects of
radiation
have added to our
knowledge of the reaction of tissue to ionizing radiation.
He
has also studied polycythemia vera, and these studies
played an
important role in reevaluating the methods of treatment of
this
disease.
Dr. John Van Sickle
New York, New York
A classicist of wide-ranging interests and considerable
achievement, Dr. Van Sickle's work on the recently
discovered
text of Archilochus has attracted international attention.
His
study of Virgil's Bucolics and his work on Augustan
"poetry
books" have also been recognized for their superior
quality.
Dr. Paul Wehrle
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Wehrle has played a leading role in the management of
communicable diseases, including WHO's successful smallpox
eradication campaign. His research has encompassed
diseases from
smallpox to polio and meningitis.
Dr. Mary Ellen Avery
Wellesley, Massachusetts
Dr. Avery is known for her work in the physiology and
pathology
of pulmonary diseases of newborns and infants. In
particular, her
research has led to the demonstration of the underlying
pathophysiology in neonatal respiratory distress
syndrome.
Dr. Edward Grzegorzewski*
Poland's delegate to the founding conference of the World
Health
Organization, Dr. Grzegorzewski
joined the World Health Organization (WHO) shortly after
its
formation. He was highly influential in curriculum
development
and physician training to address problems in preventive
medicine.
Dr. David H. Hubel
Boston, Massachusetts
With Dr. Torsten Wiesel, Dr. Hubel conducted innovative
studies
of the visual system at the cellular level. These studies,
which
have resulted in an understanding of how the brain is
organized
to process visual information, earned Drs. Hubel and Wiesel
the
1981 Nobel Prize in medicine.
Dr. Frank M. Leslie
Glasgow, Scotland
An early worker in the field of liquid crystals, Dr. Leslie
is
now recognized as an international authority on this
subject,
contributing to the literature on thermal, magnetic, and
hydrodynamic properties of liquid crystals.
Dr. Attilio Maseri
London, England
Dr. Maseri has earned a preeminent position in the field of
cardiology through his work in coronary artery disease. His
work
on the role of coronary vasospasm in producing myocardial
ischemia has led to widespread recognition of the
significance of
this problem in humans.
Dr. Ralph S. Paffenbarger, Jr.
Stanford, California
Through innovative assessments of the relationships between
a
variety of risk factors and subsequent disease, Dr.
Paffenbarger
has contributed to the knowledge of the epidemiology of
disease,
including infectious diseases such as diarrheal diseases
and
polio, as well as mental and cardiovascular diseases and
cancer.
Dr. H. William Scott, Jr.
Nashville, Tennessee
A surgeon of the highest standing, Dr. Scott has
contributed to
medical procedures for morbid obesity, peptic ulceration,
and
vascular surgery. He has also assumed a leadership role in
academic surgery, serving in an official capacity in many
professional organizations.
Dr. Wayne O. Southwick
New Haven, Connecticut
As a professor of orthopedic surgery at Yale University,
Dr.
Southwick is known for his rigorous teaching program. As a
researcher, he has made many important contributions to
surgery
of the cervical spine and to practical biomechanics of the
injured spine. Professor Fran E7ois Stoll Zurich,
Switzerland Dr.
Stoll has focused his research in applied psychology on the
study
of eye movements and scanning patterns and the ways in
which
those patterns can be used to improve reading mechanisms.
He has
also studied the cognitive underpinnings of reading
skills.
Dr. Albert Stunkard
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Dr. Stunkard has acquired an international reputation in
the
study of psychiatric aspects of feeding and obesity. He
has
charted the effects of such social influences as food
choice in
public places and cultural ideals of proper weight.
Dr. Kameshwar C. Wali
Syracuse, New York
A theoretical high-energy physicist who has always worked
closely
with experimentalists, Professor Wali has published in a
wide
range of areas including form factors, SU (6), continuum
theory,
local duality and monopole theories with strings.
Dr. Torsten N. Wiesel
New York, New York
With Dr. David Hubel, Dr. Wiesel conducted innovative
studies of
the visual system
at the cellular level. These studies, which have resulted
in an
understanding of how the brain is organized to process
visual
information, earned Drs. Wiesel and Hubel the 1981 Nobel
Prize in
medicine.
Dr. Konrad Akert
Zurich, Switzerland
Dr. Akert, whose postdoctoral studies at Hopkins were in
the
Department of Physiology and Neurosurgery, has done
research on
experimental epilepsy, focal cortical seizures, the
function of
the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in the control of
movement, and the study of synaptic action as a function
of
time.
Dr. K. Frank Austen
Boston, Massachusetts
Work at Johns Hopkins in the early 1960s laid the
foundation for
Dr. Austen's studies of the mechanisms and mediators of
immediate
type hypersensitivity and of the complement system. He has
been
especially effective in providing a bridge between
fundamental
biochemistry of the mediator systems and their role in
health
and disease.
Dr. George W.A. Dick*
West Sussex, England
An epidemiologist, Dr. Dick has received numerous prizes
and
medals for his work in the virology of encephalitis,
polio,
hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, smallpox, whooping cough
and the
development of combined vaccines. His work with virus
diseases
including yellow fever, Mengovirus, and Marburgvirus has
won
widespread attention.
Dr. Thorstein Guthe*
Internationally famous as a microbiologist, Dr. Guthe has
played
a major role in studies of
the epidemiological characteristics of occupationally
related
cancer.
Dr. Leo A. Kaprio
Copenhagen, Denmark
Serving on the scientific staff of the World Health
Organization
from the early years of that organization, Dr. Kaprio has
pursued
a distinguished career as an administrator in the field of
international health.
Dr. Gunther Maier
Lahn-Giesseni, Federal Republic of Germany
Active in the synthesis of organic compounds,
Dr. Maier has succeeded in isolating synthetically
produced
stable tetrahedrane and stable cyclobutadiene, compounds of
great
importance to theoretical chemistry because they challenge
commonly held concepts of structure.
Dr. Michael P. McQuillen
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
As an academic and a neurologist, Dr. McQuillen has focused
his
research on myasthenia gravis and human neuromuscular
disorders.
Dr. William H. Muller, Jr.
Charlottesville, Virginia
Dr. Muller's work in cardiac surgery, particularly on
pulmonary
hypertension in congenital cardiac disease, has made him a
leader
among American academic surgeons. Through his association
with
the American College of Surgeons, he has contributed to the
development of surgical education on a national scale.
Dr. Susan A. Narang
Ottawa, Canada
Dr. Narang developed a modified triester method of
synthesis for
important polynucleotides, making possible the synthesis of
biologically active operator DNA. These techniques have
also been
used to produce human insulin in bacteria, thus making
available
human proteins of medicinal importance.
Dr. Walther Noll
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Dr. Noll's approach to continuum mechanics through the use
of
abstract algebraic concepts, the principles of invariance,
and
functional analysis has influenced the evolution of modern
mechanics.
Dr. Anthony E. Pegg
Hershey, Pennsylvania
Dr. Pegg performed important research on enzymatic pathways
for
the biosynthesis of polyamines, the hormonal control of
mitochondrial protein synthesis, and the androgenic
regulation
of polyamine production in the prostate gland.
Dr. David Smith*
A leader in the field of dysmorphology, Dr. Smith
contributed to
the understanding of
embryologic derangement leading to congenital defects. He
also
made important contributions to the description of fetal
alcohol
syndrome, a problem whose magnitude has only recently been
appreciated.
Dr. Arthur Adel*
Dr. Adel pioneered the investigation of the infrared region
of
the solar spectrum, discovering the presence of many trace
constituents in the earth's atmosphere, including nitrous
oxide.
Dr. Robert Austrian
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
An investigator of the molecular structure and biological
characteristics of pneumo- coccus, Dr. Austrian has
participated
in the effort to develop a vaccine to prevent pneumonia.
Sir John Brotherston*
Knighted in 1974 by Queen Elizabeth for his many
accomplishments
in medicine and public health, Dr. Brotherston focused on
preventive and community medicine. He also published many
scholarly works on the history of medicine and public
health.
Dr. Constantine M. Dafermos
Providence, Rhode Island
Dr. Dafermos' research in non-linear analysis of mechanical
problems, including solid mechanics and shock waves, has
displayed his ability to define the physical assumptions
underlying the governing mathematical equations.
Dr. Dorland J. Davis*
Dr. Davis conducted major research in the fields of
infectious
diseases, particularly trypanosomiasis, psittacosis,
hepatitis,
and influenza.
Dr. Willard E. Goodwin
Los Angeles, California
A pioneer in the use of intestinal segments to reconstruct
the
urinary tract, Dr. Goodwin was one of the first urologists
to
engage in transplantation and is credited with the first
use of
corticosteroids for treating homograft rejection in human
transplantation. Dr. Samir Najjar Beirut, Lebanon A
specialist in
pediatric endocrinology, Dr. Najjar established an
outstanding
department of pediatrics at the American University in
Beirut.
Dr. Kenneth L. Pickrell*
Highly regarded for his expertise in the clinical practice
of
plastic surgery, Dr. Pickrell was an influential teacher of
plastic surgeons and an international spokesperson for the
field.
Dr. Oscar D. Ratnoff
Shaker Heights, Ohio
A professor of medicine at Case Western Reserve Medical
School,
Dr. Ratnoff was recognized as one of the world's experts
in
problems relating to the coagulation of blood.
Dr. Ray Trussel
New York, New York
For many years a leader in the delivery of preventive
medical
care, Dr. Trussel designed and developed a prototype of
the
health maintenance organization. He has also contributed to
the
fields of microbiology and epidemiology. Dr Verna Wright
Leeds,
England Pursuing a long-term interest in rheumatology, Dr.
Wright
has studied the mechanism of joint stiffness, extending
that
research to the management of patients with arthritis.
Dr. Ko Kuei Chen*
Director of pharmacological research for Eli Lilly until
his
retirement in 1963, Dr. Chen isolated ephedrine from the
herb Ma
Huang and participated in its introduction to clinical use
in the
West. He also played a central role in developing a
treatment
for cyanide poisoning.
Dr. William H. Craib*
Dr. Craib revolutionized the interpretation of
electrocardiograms
through the rigorous application of mathematical and
physical
principles. Dr. John Knutson* While working with the U.S.
Public
Health Service, Dr. Knutson helped to develop and refine
indices
of dental disease. After his retirement, he was
instrumental in
forming the curriculum of the University of California's
Dental
School.
Dr. Frank McCapra
Falmer Brighton, England
Dr. McCapra has made important investigations in organic
chemistry, the structure of antibiotics, the biosynthesis
of
alkaloids, and the mechanisms of chemiluminescence and
bioluminescence.
Dr. Chamseddine M. Mofidi
Tehran, Iran
A major contributor to the field of tropical medicine and
parasitology, Dr. Mofidi was awarded the Shousha Award by
the
World Health Organization in 1971.
Dr. Loren Pfeiffer
Morristown, New Jersey
Dr. Pfeiffer has studied the M F6ssbauer Effect and its use
in
the study of perturbations of nuclei in solids, the
behavior of
positrons in solids, and the detection of solar
neutrinos.
Dr. Sami I. Said
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Dr. Said has been in the forefront of research on the
metabolic
functions of the lung and also is particularly recognized
for his
work on the vasoacti ve intestinal peptide.
Dr. Robert H. Williams*
Dr. Williams was a specialist in endocrinology,
particularly the
metabolic problems of diabetes mellitus. Among his many
honors
was the Minot Award of the American Medical
Association.
Dr. Edward C. Zipf
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Dr. Zipf has been a major contributor to the understanding
of the
molecular physics involved in planetary atmospheres. His
highly
regarded laboratory program in molecular interactions has
supported important rocket research on the aurora
borealis.
Dr. Leroy Burney
Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
In the early stage of his career, Dr. Burney did research
in
venereal disease and therapy. He later became surgeon
general of
the U.S. Public Health Service.
Dr. Jackson I. Cope
Los Angeles, California
A leading authority on Renaissance drama, Dr. Cope has
published
many scholarly and influential books in the field.
Dr. Jacques Genest
Montreal, Canada
Dr. Genest is a highly regarded expert on renal physiology,
an
area in which he has conducted important clinical
research.
Dr. Michael Kammen
Ithaca, New York
A professor of history at Cornell University, Dr. Kammen
won the
Pulitzer Prize in American history in 1973 for his book
People of
Paradox.
Dr. Fritz Kurt Kneubuhl
Zurich, Switzerland
An expert in infrared physics, Dr. Kneubuhl has conducted
investigations in spectroscopy and laser research in the
submillimeter and infrared region.
Dr. Seiichi Matsumoto*
Dr. Matsumoto was professor in the Institute for Virus
Research
of Kyoto University, where he studied the morphology of
viruses,
particularly of rabies viruses.
Dr Henry Gerard Schwartz
St. Louis, Missouri
Dr. Schwartz was professor of neurosurgery at Washington
University School of Medicine and surgeon-in-chief of the
Barnes
and Allied Hospitals in St. Louis.
Dr. Milton Terris
South Burlington, Vermont
Dr. Terris is an authority on epidemiology, with special
emphasis
on research into the epidemiology of cancer.
Dr. David J. Weatherall
Oxford, England
A professor of clinical medicine at Oxford University, Dr.
Weatherall is an expert in the fields of hematology and
genetics.
Dr. Harry Eagle*
The importance of Dr. Eagle's research on both syphilis and
the
growth requirements of cells in culture can be measured by
the
fact that a serological test for syphilis and a tissue
culture
medium bear his name.
Dr. Robert H. Felix*
The first director of the National Institute of Mental
Health,
Dr. Felix developed procedures for the awarding of
research
funds that set the pattern for government support of
scientific
ventures. He was also among the first to recognize
psychiatric
illness as a public health problem.
Dr. Elisabeth Liefmann-Keil*
Dr. Liefmann-Keil was one of the most distinguished German
economists in the field of social policy, and was an
influential
adviser to West German governments in economics and social
policy.
Dr. Maclyn McCarty
New York, New York
Dr. McCarty is highly regarded for his studies in the
transformation of pneucoccal types, C-reactive protein,
the
biology and immunochemistry of streptococci, and the
nature of
rheumatic fever.
Dr. Carlos Monge
Lima, Peru
A widely respected
authority in renal physiology, Dr. Monge is a professor of
medicine at Cayetano Heredia University in Lima. Dr.
Marjorie
Nicholson* A student of Professor O.A. Lovejoy, Dr.
Nicholson was
herself a respected literary teacher and scholar, writing
such
books as Microscope and English Imagination, Breaking of
the
Circle, and Science and Imagination.
Dr. Mark Ravitch*
Dr. Ravitch was internationally renowned as a general,
thoracic,
and
children's surgeon. He helped investigate many innovative
techniques - including correction of pectus excavatum
chest
deformities and the use of mechanical stapling devices in
major
operations.
Dr. Merrill I. Skolnik
A national authority on radar, Dr. Skolnik published widely
in
the fields of radar, antennas, and gaseous electronics.
Dr.
Roger C. Walker Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Dr. Walker is
known for
his studies of the sedimentology of clastic rock,
emphasizing
the interpretation of sedimentary structures and facies,
the
lateral and vertical relationships of facies, and hence the
reconstruction of ancient environments of deposition.
Dr. Myron E. Wegman
Ann Arbor, Michigan
In his extensive career in medical education and public
health,
Dr. Wegman has served as director of research and training
for
the New York City Health Department, as secretary general
of the
Pan American Health Organization, and as dean of the
University
of Michigan's School of Public Health.
Dr. C. Gordon Zubrod
Key Biscayne, Florida
Dr. Zubrod, who directed the Division of Cancer Treatment
at the
National Cancer Institute, brought cancer chemotherapy
closer to
the cure of leukemia and Hodgkin's disease, gaining its
fuller
acceptance as a tool in the control of all forms of
cancer.
Dr. Dana W. Atchley*
Dr. Atchley was a professor of clinical medicine at the
College
of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and
recognized
for his work on chemical problems in internal medicine,
edema,
and nephritis.
Dr. Eugene Braunwald
Boston, Massachusetts
A world leader in cardiovascular research, Dr. Braunwald
was
chief of the cardiology division at the National Heart
Institute
from 1960 to 1967. He has received numerous honors and
awards
throughout his career, including the Distinguished Research
Achievement Award of the American Heart Association.
Dr. Marcolino Candau*
After graduating from the School of Hygiene and Public
Health of
Johns Hopkins and working as a public health official in
his
native Brazil, Dr. Candau joined the World Health
Organization,
serving as its director for almost two decades.
Dr. Lyman C. Craig*
A biochemist, Dr. Craig studied the structure of a number
of
important medical agents, including lysergic acid. As the
inventor of the Craig machine for countercurrent
distribution,
he made an indispensable contribution to the anti-malarial
effort
by permitting the assay of impure preparations, which led
in
turn to the development of protein chemistry.
Dr. Phyllis M. Deane
Cambridge, England
Phyllis M. Deane is presently a reader in the Department of
Economics and Politics at the University of Cambridge. She
is an
important contributor to two areas of empirical economics
and
economic history: the growth of the British economy since
1688,
and national economic accounting. Dr. Deane is the author
and
editor of numerous books and articles.
Dr. Earl A. Evans, Jr.
Chicago, Illinois
As a biochemist at the University of Chicago, Dr. Evans
conducted
research on the mechanism of virus reproduction, the
chemistry of
insulin, the etiology of tetanus poisoning, and the
metabolism
of the malaria parasite.
Dr. Harold J. Evans
Corvallis, Oregon
Dr. Evans is a major contributor to the study of plant
physiology. Among his many achievements is the Hoblitzelle
National Award he earned for research on the need for and
biochemical role of cobalt in organisms that fix
nitrogen.
Dr. Arnaldo Gabaldon
Caracas, Venezuela
Dr. Gabaldon, who received his doctorate from the School of
Public Health in 1935, has established an international
reputation in the field of malaria control and
eradication. A
major force for the improvement of general health services
in
his native Venezuela, he has worked closely with the World
Health Organization on many disease problems.
Dr. Thomas P.S. Powell*
An investigator of neuro-anatomy, Dr. Powell contributed to
the
understanding of the systems' connectivity within the
central
nervous system. Through his training of, and collaboration
with,
students and younger colleagues, Dr. Powell's influence
has been
worldwide.
Dr. Helen Van Vunakis
Waltham, Massachusetts
Dr. Van Vunakis has carried out extensive basic research on
the
structure of enzymes and their precursors, on bacterial
viruses,
and on the use of immunological procedures to detect small
changes in nucleic acids.
No new members were inducted into the society in
1973.
Dr. Ray M. Bowen
Houston, Texas
Dr. Bowen was first to attack the extremely difficult
problem of
extending the concepts of rational thermodynamics to
mixtures of
diffusing, chemically reacting substances. The modern
theory of
non-equilibrium thermochemistry is based in significant
part on
his work.
Dr. Ezechiel G.D. Cohen
New York, New York
Dr. Cohen is professor of physics at Rockefeller University
in
New York, where his investigations in statistical physics
have
earned him widespread recognition.
Dr. David A.P. Evans
London, England
Dr. Evans' research and writ-ings have been influential in
the
field of pharmacogenetics.
Dr. J. Deryl Hart*
A nationally recognized surgeon, Dr. Hart was a professor
of
surgery at Duke University, of which institution he later
became
president.
Dr. Anna Martta Hietenan-Makela
Menlo Park, California
A specialist in petrology, structural geology,
metamorphism, and
metasomatism, Dr. Hietenan-Makela has distinguished herself
in
both field and laboratory work. After teaching at both
Stanford
University and Oregon State University, she served with
the U.S.
Geological Survey.
Dr. Abraham Horowitz
Chevy Chase, Maryland
Dr. Horowitz drafted plans for Chile's national health
service,
later becoming its first director general. In 1960 he
became
director of the Pan American Health Organization, where he
served with distinction for many years.
Dr. George James*
As deputy commissioner and then commissioner of health with
the
New York State Health Department and as a medical
educator, Dr.
James contributed greatly through his writings to the
fields of
epidemiology and health administration.
Dr. Lawrence C. Kolb
Glenmont, New York
As professor of psychiatry and chairman of psychiatry at
Columbia
University, Dr. Kolb made important contributions to his
field
both as an investigator and as an administrator.
Dr. Alexander Langmuir
Chilmark, Massachusetts
Dr. Langmuir was the first director of the epidemiology
program
of the Communicable Disease Center of the U.S. Public
Health
Service (now known as the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention) and later director of the center itself. He
has
written extensively on all phases of epidemiology on a
global
basis.
Dr. Robert Q. Marston
Gainesville, Florida
Dr. Marston has made notable accomplishments in medical
administration and education, serving as director of the
National Institutes of Health and president of the
University of
Florida.
Dr. Chao-Cheng Wang
Houston, Texas
A mathematician of distinction, Dr. Wang has published
widely and
with great influence on general continuum mechanics, fluid
crystals, memory principles, elasticity, dislocation
theory, wave
propagation, thermodynamics, and other subjects.
Dr. William H. Wriggins
Bronx, New York
Dr. Wriggins has made important contributions to the study
of
government within emerging states, notably with his book
The
Ruler's Imperative.
Dr. Bernard Becker
St. Louis, Missouri
A leader in American ophthalmology, Dr. Becker is widely
known
for his important contributions to understanding the
pathological mechanisms in glaucoma and for his discovery
of new
methods of treatment.
Dr. Francis P. Chinard
Montclair, New Jersey
Dr. Chinard has made valuable contributions in renal
physiology
and biochemistry, using radioactive metabolites to study a
variety of renal and pulmonary processes important for the
regulation of a constant internal ionic environment.
Dr. Ernest W. Lefever
Chevy Chase, Maryland
Dr. Lefever is generally recognized as a national leader in
the
field of foreign policy research, a position evidenced by
the
very high quality and wide breadth of his writings.
Dr. Thomas H. Maren
Gainesville, Florida
Dr. Maren has carried out many important pharmaco-logical
investigations on the action of sulfonamides and the
ability of
certain compounds to inhibit carbonic anhydrase. This work
led
to a series of brilliant investigations of renal
physiology.
Dr. Hans J. Morgenthau*
Dr. Morgenthau was an influential scholar of American
foreign
policy. Among the universities with which he was associated
were
the University of Chicago and City College of New York.
Dr. James E. Perkins*
A prominent epidemiologist, Dr. Perkins received many
honors for
his contributions to infectious disease problems,
particularly
tuberculosis. He was also active in international health
initiatives.
Dr. Claud S. Rupert
Dallas, Texas
Dr. Rupert was a postdoctoral fellow in biochemistry at the
School of Hygiene and Public Health when he discovered the
photoreacting enzyme. Since that time, he has studied the
way in
which that enzyme repairs the damage in DNA induced by
ultraviolet light.
Dr. Fred L. Soper*
Dr. Soper is credited with developing techniques of species
eradication that exterminated a dangerous vector of malaria
threatening all of tropical America. He also developed the
eradication program that eliminated urban yellow fever
from the
Americas.
Dr. Heinrich P. Ursprung
Zurich, Switzerland
Truly exceptional in his breadth of knowledge and
understanding
of classical embryology and the chemical mechanics involved
in
the making of an embryo from an egg, Dr. Ursprung is also
a
gifted technician, teacher, and writer.
Dr. George P. Berry*
For many years Dr. Berry was dean of the Harvard University
Medical School, where he established himself as an
imaginative
and vigorous leader in American education.
Dr. Miguel Covian
Sao Paulo, Brazil
As professor and head of the Department of Physiology in
the
medical school at Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paolo State, Brazil,
Dr.
Covian developed one of South America's leading
departments of
physiology.
Dr. Gabrielle Donnay*
A crystallographer, Dr. Donnay conducted research that led
to the
discovery of several crystal structures.
Dr. Sol Goodgal
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
A professor of microbiology at the University of
Pennsylvania,
Dr. Goodgal has made major contributions in the study of
genetic
transformation in bacteria.
Dr. John Woodland Hastings
Cambridge, Massachusetts
A professor of biology at Harvard University, Dr. Hastings
was
first to detail the function of the enzyme flavin in
bacterial
luminescence, and was later able to isolate and
crystallize this
enzyme.
Dr. Walter M. Holland
London, England
A professor in the Department of Community Medicine at St.
Thomas' Hospital Medical School in London, Dr. Holland
pioneered
research on the effects of chronic bronchitis in infants
and
children.
Dr. Emile F. Holman*
Dr. Holman, was a professor of surgery at the Stanford
University
Medical School, and made important contributions in the
field of
vascular surgery.
Dr. I. Robert Lehman
Stanford, California
Dr. Lehman is a world authority on the biosynthesis,
breakdown,
and modification of nucleic acids.
Dr. Jotaro Masuzawa
Kamakura, Japan
One of Japan's leading oceanographers, Dr. Masuzawa has
been the
prime investigator of the Kuroshio, the North Pacific
counterpart
of the Gulf Stream.
Dr. Alfred R. Shands, Jr.*
Dr. Shands was surgeon-in-chief at the Alfred I. duPont
Institute
in Wilmington. His book on orthopedic surgery was a
significant
contribution to medical literature.
Dr. George W. Thorn
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. Thorn, who served as physician-in-chief at the Peter
Bent
Brigham Hospital in Boston, initiated the earliest work in
human
kidney transplantation.
Dr. Joseph Berkson*
For more than three decades, Dr. Berkson was one of
America's
foremost biometricians, enjoying a reputation as an
outstanding
scientific innovator, critic, and scholar.
Dr. James Bordley III*
Director of the Mary Imogene Basset Hospital in
Cooperstown, New
York, Dr. Bordley contributed significantly to medical
research,
primarily in the study of hypertension.
Dr. Edward J.M. Campbell
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Dr. Campbell has made important contributions in
respiratory
physiology and the mechanics of breathing.
Dr. Reuben M. Cherniak
Denver, Colorado
Medical director of the National Jewish Hospital in Denver,
Dr.
Cherniak is highly regarded for his administrative
abilities as
a medical educator and planner.
Dr. Leon E. Farhi
Buffalo, New York
Professor of physiology at State University of New York at
Buffalo, Dr. Farhi has conducted extensive research in
respiratory physiology.
Dr. Ralph Grasbeck
Helsinki, Finland
Dr. Grasbeck is widely recognized for his investigations
into the
mechanism of absorption of vitamin B-12 and his pioneering
researches in the causes of pernicious anemia.
Dr. Charles A. Janeway*
Professor of pediatrics at Harvard and physician- in-chief
at the
Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston, Dr. Janeway
was
widely respected as one of the country's foremost
pediatricians.
Dr. Chester S. Keefer*
Dr. Keefer was noted for his investigations of infectious
diseases and his contributions to the nation's health as a
frequent government adviser.
Dr. William P. Longmire, Jr.
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Longmire pursued a distinguished career in surgery -
including a residency at Hopkins under Dr. Alfred Blalock
- and
conducted outstanding research in transplantation
biology.
Dr. John L. Lumley
Ithaca, New York
Dr. Lumley has conducted theoretical and experimental
research in
the basic study of turbulent flow, and is well known for
his
pioneering measurements of turbulence in non-Newtonian
liquids.
Dr. Paul E. Potter
Cincinnati, Ohio
Dr. Potter's creative and original application of
statistical
methods to geologic research and his field studies on
sandstone
in the Illinois basin have produced a masterful synthesis
of
that area's geologic history during late Paleozoic
times.
Dr. Anthony G. San Pietro
Bloomington, Indiana
Dr. San Pietro has conducted important research in
biochemistry,
especially on photosynthesis, including the isolation of
important organic intermediates in the photosynthetic
process.
Dr. Barnes Woodhall*
Known for his investigations of chemotherapy and brain
tumors,
Dr. Woodhall was also a leader in medical education.
Dr. Clinton N. Woolsey*
An outstanding neurologist, Dr. Woolsey conducted extensive
research in mapping the cortical sensory areas of the
brain.
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