Commencement 2005

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Society of Scholars
1969-2004

2005

Rafael Beyar
Haifa, Israel
Rafael Beyar has been a leader in interventional cardiology for two decades. Taking advantage of his rigorous training in biomedical engineering and medicine, Beyar has made contributions ranging from fundamental experimental and theoretical analyses of normal and pathological cardiac mechanics to the development of new cardiac therapeutics and diagnostics. During his Johns Hopkins fellowship, he defined the determinants of internal torsion of the heart essential for ejection of blood. Through his entrepreneurial talent, he and his brother developed a novel balloon expandable stent. Thanks to his initiative, the Johns Hopkins-Technion Joint Program for the Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering was established in 2000.

Guthrie Birkhead
Albany, N.Y.
Guthrie Birkhead is a nationally known public health practitioner, scholar and educator who is at the forefront of applying current scientific knowledge to complex public health problems, ranging from the HIV infection rate among newborns to the low measles vaccination rates among preschool-age children. Birkhead's formal introduction to public health came when he received his master of public health degree from Johns Hopkins. In addition to his own research and academic and clinical achievements, Birkhead has devoted himself to training the next generation of public health professionals.

David Bredt
Indianapolis, Ind.
At a relatively young age, David Bredt is already appreciated as one of a handful of top molecular neuroscientists in the world. His research has revolutionized our understanding of nitric oxide as a neurotransmitter and the dynamics of the major synapses in the brain. Following his study at Johns Hopkins, Bredt had a meteoric academic career at the University of California at San Francisco Medical School. He has recently moved to a position in the private sector as vice president for integrative biology at Eli Lilly and Co.

Patrick Brookhouser
Omaha, Neb.
Patrick Brookhouser is internationally known for developing ways to quickly detect hearing loss in infants and to discover what causes children to lose their hearing. A leader in the field of pediatric otolaryngology and otology, Brookhouser is director of Boys Town National Research Hospital, where he leads one of the largest institutions devoted to understanding and treating hearing loss in children. His Omaha-based hospital works with a neighboring center to bring auditory evaluation services to rural communities. He has been the lead investigator and director of NIH grants focused on nerve-based hearing loss in children.

Robert W. Cahn
Cambridge, England
Robert W. Cahn is a widely respected international leader of the materials science and engineering community through his writing, editing, mentoring and research activities. Before leaving the confines of a laboratory to concentrate more broadly on the promotion of materials science, Cahn made seminal contributions to materials research with his early work on recrystallization and twinning and his subsequent research on the crystallography of ordered intermetallic compounds. His achievements in editing and writing are equally impressive. In addition to more than 230 scientific papers, he has published more than 100 commentaries in Nature and written or edited 39 books.

Edward Clark
Salt Lake City, Utah
Edward Clark has made many contributions to pediatric medicine through both his research and his clinical care. His study of the heart's forces and circulation in chick embryos has helped doctors gain a better understanding of fetal heart development and its role in a lifetime of good cardiac health. As medical director of the Primary Children's Medical Center at the University of Utah, Clark works to ensure that scientific skill and a doctor's empathy go hand in hand.

David Dodge
Ottawa, Canada
David Dodge is an economist's economist. He integrates a scholarly approach to economics with the skills of a practitioner. While at SAIS, he was a respected teacher and the enthusiastic proponent of Canadian studies. Dodge has held many important and influential positions in economics in Canada. He was deputy finance minister and was active in applying economic theory to empirical economic issues. As a governor of the Bank of Canada, he has applied a scholarly approach to the management of the Canadian dollar. He also has been active in overseeing the integration of Canada, Mexico and the United States in the North American Free Trade Area.

W. Bruce Fye
Rochester, Minn.
W. Bruce Fye combines his fascination with medicine's past with his present contributions to the field. A professor of medicine and medical history at the Mayo Clinic, Fye is a past president of the American College of Cardiology. He has written two books on the history of medicine, including the Johns Hopkins University Press book American Cardiology, winner of the prestigious Welch Medal from the American Association for the History of Medicine.

David Guyer
New York, NY
David Guyer, who received his medical degree and his ophthalmological specialty training at the Wilmer Eye Institute, has an exemplary clinical, academic and business record. Combining his clinical expertise with outstanding entrepreneurial skills, he established Eyetech Pharmaceuticals, a private company that has collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical corporations to develop and commercialize ophthalmic treatments. His work has included age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema, two ophthalmic disorders of increasing impact on our aging population. Guyer's intense intellectual curiosity, resourcefulness, enthusiasm, creativity and commitment to excellence make him a leader in the field of ophthalmology.

Stanley Hamilton
Houston, Texas
Stanley Hamilton received his resident and fellowship training in the Department of Pathology at Johns Hopkins. He joined the faculty of that department, rising to become professor of pathology and director of the Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology. Among his widely recognized achievements was his research on Barrett's esophagus and colorectal neoplasia. In 1988, Hamilton left Johns Hopkins to become head of the Division of Pathology at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. There, his strong leadership, teaching and investigative capabilities continue to play major roles in institutional, national and international affairs related to research into the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods and prognosis of neoplastic diseases.

M. Alfred Haynes
Corona, Calif.
M. Alfred Haynes is a pioneer in addressing disparities in health status, access to care and professional health education opportunities for underrepresented minorities and the poor. Over the course of his long and distinguished career, he has been a major architect of social justice for black professionals in the health sciences. One of the first African-American faculty members at Johns Hopkins, Haynes played an important role in a national study titled Hunger U.S.A. and contributed to establishing racial integration policies for the university. Following the Watts riots in Los Angeles, Haynes became an early faculty member and associate dean of the Drew Postgraduate Medical School, an institution he later served as dean and where he is now president emeritus.

E. Carmack Holmes
Los Angeles, Calif.
A world leader in surgical oncology, E. Carmack Holmes is now executive director of the Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology at the University of California, Los Angeles, Medical Center. He trained in the Johns Hopkins Department of Surgery and then spent three years at the National Cancer Institute before moving to UCLA Medical Center, where he rapidly rose to the position of professor and chairman of the Department of Surgery. Holmes also is known for having taught and mentored many young surgeons, including Julie Ann Freischlag, the current chair of the Department of Surgery at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.

Craig Peters
Boston, Mass.
Craig Peters is an internationally known and respected clinician and investigator in pediatric urology. Recognized as one of the world's experts in pediatric laparoscopy and minimally invasive surgery in children, he has made major contributions to the basic science of developmental biology and physiology of the bladder. Having received his medical and specialty urological training at Johns Hopkins, Peters joined the faculty of the Harvard University School of Medicine and is an associate professor of surgery at Children's Hospital in Boston. He is held in high regard by his colleagues, as evidenced by his election to membership in the Society for Pediatric Urological Surgeons, where he is one of only five North American members.

William Poole
St. Louis, Mo.
William Poole is that rare combination of path-breaking research scholar and distinguished public servant. While at Johns Hopkins, he showed how monetary policy should respond to the different types of disturbances that impact the economy. This work is still cited some three decades later. After years of productive work at the Federal Reserve System, the Reserve Bank of Australia and the President's Council of Economic Advisers, and as a professor at Brown University, he was named in 1998 to the presidency of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, where he serves with distinction. He remains a creative, constructive and generous contributor to economic research and policy-making.

Maithili Sharan
Delhi, India
Maithili Sharan is head of the Centre for Atmospheric Sciences at the Indian Institute of Technology in Delhi, India. He has made many outstanding contributions to the fields of environmental physiological and computational fluid mechanics and molecular transport. Sharan is credited with developing innovative mathematical models for gas transport in pulmonary and systemic circulations, and he has laid a strong foundation for the understanding of the physiological processes underlying gas transport. He also has contributed to the development of mathematical models of the dispersion of air pollutants in low wind conditions, which have helped him analyze the infamous Bhopal gas leak.

2004

Lukas P. Baumgartner
Lausanne, Switzerland
Lukas Baumgartner, known for multidisciplinary work, has developed a new way to apply transport theory to problems associated with mineral crystallization and rock alteration. His findings have been used to understand the development of mountain belts, such as the Alps and the Andes, and the formation of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks. He is currently director of the Institute of Mineralogy and Petrology at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. Awards recognizing his outstanding achievements include the Paul Niggli Medal of the Swiss Mineralogical Petrological Society and the Mineralogical Society of America Award.

Vann Bennett
Durham, N.C.
Best known for his discovery and characterization of the ankyrins, Vann Bennett has markedly advanced knowledge of how membrane transport proteins are precisely localized in cell membrane domains. This work has brought Bennett wide recognition as a basic cell biologist and as a pioneer elucidating the molecular basis of human diseases. His work most recently pinpointed the genetic mechanism for an inherited form of cardiac Long QT syndrome, a deadly heart problem that strikes seemingly healthy young people. Bennett is currently the James B. Duke Professor of biology, biochemistry and neuroscience at Duke University Medical Center.

Douglas F. Covey
St. Louis, Mo.
Douglas Covey has made several significant contributions to the field of pharmacology. By synthesizing one of the first potent and selective aromatase inhibitors for applications in breast cancer, he laid the foundation for the development of a class of clinically valuable therapeutics for the condition. He also has designed and synthesized a variety of steroids that have demonstrated great utility in the functional analysis of interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine glands, as well as the pathways of cell signaling.

J. Richard Gaintner
Gainesville, Fla.
Richard Gaintner has been instrumental in the shaping of academic medical centers in this country. Following his departure from the University of Connecticut, he returned to Johns Hopkins, where he strengthened the relationship between the hospital and the School of Medicine. Two years later, he joined Albany Medical College as president and CEO, then moved to Harvard-affiliated Deaconess Hospital in Boston, where he again was president and CEO. After serving for four years as CEO of Shands Hospital at the University of Florida, he went into a brief retirement, returning to the medical field as executive vice president for health sciences at Georgetown. Illness forced him to end his illustrious career in 2002.

Pascal J. Goldschmidt
Durham, N.C.
Pascal Goldschmidt is widely considered one of the nation's leading physician-scientists in the field of cardiovascular medicine. As a researcher, he discovered a now well-recognized platelet receptor polymorphism, a significant factor in heart attacks. He also uncovered several cellular pathways that cause human disease. He served as director of Johns Hopkins' Henry Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Diseases, Thrombosis Center and Bernard Vascular Biology Laboratory. After winning numerous prestigious awards, Goldschmidt was recruited to direct Ohio State University's Heart and Lung Institute. In 2000, he was recruited to head the internationally recognized cardiology program at Duke University. In 2003, he became chairman of the Duke Department of Medicine.

David S. Guzick
Rochester, N.Y.
A national and international leader in the field of reproductive endocrinology, David Guzick has been recognized as an expert in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome among infertile women. He is currently both the principal investigator of the K12 Women's Reproductive Health Research Career Center and dean of the School of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Rochester Medical Center. He has published more than 100 articles in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology, infertility and reproductive endocrinology.

Steven A. Leibel
New York City
Steven Leibel has been a pioneer in the development and clinical application of new radiation therapy techniques in the treatment of malignant brain tumors, as well as other pioneering clinical treatments. His efforts have transformed the way patients with prostate cancer are managed with radiation. In addition to his research breakthroughs, Leibel has trained some of the best young leaders in the field. His many honors include winning the 2002 Gold Medal of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, the society's highest award. He is currently chair of the Department of Radiation Oncology at Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

R. John Leigh
Cleveland, Ohio
In the Neurology and Biomedical Engineering departments at Case Western Reserve University, John Leigh has built an outstanding program in the study of eye movements, inquiring deeply into the relationship between vision and balance. He has written the definitive textbook on the neurology of eye movements. Clinical applications of Leigh's research have been published in Neurology, Ophthalmology and the best basic science journals. He holds an endowed chair at Case Western Reserve and was named the Annual Visiting "Brain" Scholar at Imperial College, London, for 2003. His contributions span basic science, clinical science and clinical practice.

Sverre O. Lie
Oslo, Norway
Sverre Lie has had a long and distinguished career at the National Hospital of Norway, where he has been in the departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Research since 1967. He has developed pioneering diagnoses and treatments for pediatric cancer and is the lead author on an 18-year study of the treatment of leukemia in children. In the late 1990s, he oversaw the design and construction of a modern children's hospital in Oslo. His honors include membership in the Norwegian Academy of Science, honorary fellowship in the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health in Great Britain and a knighthood (Order of St. Olav) bestowed by the king of Norway.

Nubia Munoz
Lyon, France
Nubia Munoz' work at the International Agency for Research on Cancer in Lyon, France, and with teams across the world led to establishing the relationship between the human papillomavirus and cervical cancers. This recognition of a viral cause of cervical cancer has led to the development of vaccines that would prevent these infections and that hold promise for the control and possible elimination of this cancer.

Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
Baltimore, Md
Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg has achieved a fruitful balance between excellence in research and clarity and quality in teaching. She has made major contributions to the direction of tumor immunology and has developed relevant animal models for translating her research into the clinical area. In addition, she has made a major commitment to teaching and mentoring students in her field. Ostrand-Rosenberg presently holds the Robert and Jane Meyerhoff Chair of Biochemistry at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.

Alan Pestronk
St. Louis, Mo.
Alan Pestronk's research involves a wide variety of autoimmune and genetic diseases of nerves and muscles. His findings have led to improved diagnosis as well as treatment of these diseases. At Johns Hopkins, Pestronk collaborated closely with Daniel B. Drachman and John Griffin. He played a key role in elucidating the best understood human autoimmune disease, myasthenia gravis. In addition, he studied factors that determined nerve regeneration. His work here shaped the course of his career, which focuses on the immunological basis of neurological disorders. A professor in the departments of Neurology and Pathology at Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Pestronk also created the most widely used Internet textbook of Neurology, which is used by more than 2,000 people each day.

John Milton Peters
Los Angeles, Calif
Since completing his medical internship at Johns Hopkins, John Milton Peters has dedicated nearly 40 years to studying the effects of the environment on respiratory health, from the effects of secondhand smoke to the causes of childhood leukemia. Most recently, he led the Children's Health Study, measuring the impact of air pollution on thousands of children in southern California. The results have led to new regulations for air quality. Peters is director of the Division of Occupational and Environmental Health at the University of Southern California School of Medicine.

Andrew Weiland
New York City
Andrew Weiland is an upper extremity surgeon who has made major contributions in the management of patients with traumatic and reconstructive problems. He is especially known for his work in microvascular surgery, which has significantly improved the care of patients with traumatic amputations and difficult reconstructive problems. He also is a talented educator who has mentored numerous individuals. In addition to clinical and teaching contributions, he has been a superb leader, having made major impacts in many societies, including the American Orthopaedic Association, the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery and the American Hand Society.

Garen J. Wintemute
Sacramento, Calif.
Garen Wintemute is recognized as one of the nation's foremost scholars addressing violence as a public health problem. Time magazine named him a Hero in Medicine, and he is the recipient of many awards from professional and academic societies. In addition to being director of the Violence Prevention Research Program at the University of California, Davis, he is a practicing emergency physician and has served as a consultant for the World Health Organization, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Red Cross.

2003

Bjorn Afzelius
Stockholm, Sweden
Dr. Afzelius has made seminal contributions to the understanding of the motility of sperm and cilia. A professor emeritus at Stockholm University, he has trained a large number of people in the use of electron microscopy for biomedical research. Dr. Afzelius has published 250 scientific papers and has written books on spermatology, cell biology, and biomedical electron microscopy.

Appiah Amirtharajah
Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. Amirtharajah is among a small group of the very best environmental engineers and practitioners in the field of potable water treatment and supply. Using innovative physical and chemical technologies, his work has improved the health of people throughout the world, across geographical and cultural boundaries. Over the past 25 years, Dr. Amirtharajah has been a mentor for his students and a valued colleague for others working to provide safe, reliable, and affordable water supplies.

Eric W. Fonkalsrud
Santa Monica, Calif.
For decades, Dr. Fonkalsrud has been one of the outstanding leaders in pediatric surgery. During his 35-year tenure as chief of pediatric surgery at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Dr. Fonkalsrud developed an active clinical and research program in the management of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adults. He was among the developers of the ileoanal pouch procedure for patients with ulcerative colitis.

James D. Griffin
Boston, Massachusetts
Chair of the Department of Medical Oncology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dr. Griffin is internationally recognized for his research in the clinical and biologic aspects of hemotologic malignancies, or cancers of the blood cells. He was chosen to lead his department because of his vision and compassion; more than 100,000 patients visit his department's clinics each year. Dr. Griffin is a professor at Harvard Medical School.

Arthur P. Grollman
Stony Brook, New York
Dr. Grollman is director of the Zickler Laboratory of Chemical Biology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, where he explores the relationship between the structure of damaged DNA and the enzymes involved in repairing it. Dr. Grollman's studies have contributed to our understanding of the aging process and are used in developing cancer-fighting chemotherapeutic drugs. He is a professor of medicine, experimental medicine, and pharmacological sciences.

William G. Kaelin Jr.
Boston, Massachusetts
A Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, Dr. Kaelin works to discover why mutations of tumor-suppressing genes cause cancer. His work provides insight into the genetic factors that make people more likely to develop the disease, and he is developing innovative molecularly targeted cancer therapy. Dr. Kaelin is a professor in the Department of Medicine at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School.

Kenneth A. Krackow
Buffalo, New York
Dr. Krackow is the clinical director of the Buffalo General Hospital Department of Orthopaedics and well-known in his field as an innovator and teacher. In October 2001, he performed the first computer-assisted total knee replacement in North America, using a surgical navigation system he developed to assist surgeons locate exact points within the body.

Frederick Hamilton Linthicum Jr.
Los Angeles, Calif.
Dr. Linthicum has helped millions of people affected by hearing loss and balance problems through his dedicated study of pathology in the human temporal bone, which contains the organs responsible for hearing and balance. His roles as teacher and mentor have further amplified his contributions to the field of otology. Dr. Linthicum is director of the Temporal Bone Histopathology Laboratory at the House Ear Institute in Los Angeles, where he has been an affiliate since 1957.

Kevin G. Rice
Iowa City, Iowa
As a National Institutes of Health postdoctoral fellow, Dr. Rice spent three years at Johns Hopkins studying the relationships between carbohydrates and carbohydrate-binding proteins. His work has become a highly respected classic in the field. Now a professor and division head of medicinal and natural products chemistry at the College of Pharmacy at the University of Iowa (his alma mater), Dr. Rice has trained many Ph.D.'s and postdoctoral fellows. In 2001, he earned the American Chemical Society's Horace S. Isbell Award, a coveted award bestowed only to scientists under 40 years old, for his development and application of targeted gene delivery systems, based on carbohydrate-recognition in biological systems.

Ira Michael Rutkow
Freehold, New Jersey
Dr. Rutkow is one of the world's eminent historians of surgery. His book American Surgery: An Illustrated History was named a Notable Book of the Year in 1994 by The New York Times Book Review. He is an internationally known teacher and founder of The Hernia Center, the nation's only private hernia hospital, where he uses techniques that reduce patient discomfort and speed recovery. Surgeons from all over the world visit the center to learn from Dr. Rutkow.

Terrence J. Sejnowski
La Jolla, Calif.
A world leader in the field of computational neuroscience, Dr. Sejnowski did research at Johns Hopkins that laid the foundation for the field of neural network analysis. In 1982, he became an assistant professor of biophysics at Johns Hopkins, where he received the Presidential Young Investigator Award. Today, Dr. Sejnowski is director of the Institute for Neural Computation at the University of California, San Diego. He is also head of the Computational Neurobiology Laboratory at the Salk Institute.

Robert Skidelsky,
Lord Skidelsky of Tilton
East Sussex, England Lord Skidelsky is an economist and historian and author of the definitive biography of economist John Maynard Keynes. A professor of economics at the University of Warwick in England, he has also written extensively on several topics in 20th-century history, most recently on Russia and Eastern Europe after communism.

Leigh Thompson
Charleston, South Carolina
Dr. Thompson is one of the country's leading clinical pharmacologists. At Eli Lilly and Co., he led development of major new therapeutic entities including the first recombinant DNA product, human insulin. During his clinical training and faculty time at Johns Hopkins, he initiated the first intensive care unit and developed hydroxyethyl starch as a blood substitute.

Herbert F. Voigt
Boston, Massachusetts
A professor of biomedical engineering at Boston University, Dr. Voigt has contributed greatly to the understanding of the mechanics of human hearing. In recognition of his leadership in the field, he was elected president of the Biomedical Engineering Society in 1999 and was a co-recipient of the Biomedical Engineering Society's 2002 Presidential Award. Dr. Voigt also writes "Scientifically Speaking," a general interest science and technology column for the Milton Times, a community newspaper in Massachusetts.

Paul Kieran Whelton
New Orleans, Louisiana
Dr. Whelton spent most of his professional career at Johns Hopkins, rising through the ranks to become a professor of epidemiology and medicine. Throughout his career, he has made numerous contributions to our understanding of how to prevent heart disease, renal disease, and hypertension. Along with Dr. Leon Gordis, Dr. Whelton is credited with starting the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research at Johns Hopkins. Dr. Whelton is now senior vice president for Health Sciences at Tulane University and was previously dean of the Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine.

2002

Daniel J. Auerbach, senior manager and research staff member, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, Calif. At Hopkins: Assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, 1975 to 1978. Nominator: Paul J. Dagdigian, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences.
    Best known for his work on the dynamical aspects of atomic and molecular interactions with solid surfaces, Daniel Auerbach pioneered the application of molecular beam and laser techniques to surface science problems, opening up exciting new areas of study. His research has spanned a broad range of topics in atomic, molecular and optical physics; chemical physics; surface chemistry; and condensed matter physics. In addition to his scientific achievements, he has played an important management role at IBM, where he has been involved in developing programs in magnetic storage, microelectronics, displays and computation.

Robert M. Blizzard, chairman emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine; chief emeritus, Children's Medical Center, University of Virginia Medical Center; president, Genentech Foundation for Growth and Development, Charlottesville, Va.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Department of Pediatrics, 1955 to 1957; associate professor and professor, 1960 to 1973. Nominator: Michael A. Levine, School of Medicine.
    Robert Blizzard has made multiple significant contributions in the field of endocrinology. His careful and systematic clinical studies of patients with autoimmune endocrine diseases enabled him to propose a classification of polyglandular autoimmune diseases that is now internationally accepted. He has also elucidated the critical role that growth hormone plays in childhood, adolescence and aging. This work led to the controversial notion, now generally accepted, that growth hormone replacement is necessary throughout life.

Thomas A. Cebula, director, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Food and Drug Administration.
    At Hopkins: graduate student in the department of Biology, 1973 to 1977; postdoctoral fellow in the departments of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology (now Molecular Biology and Genetics), 1977 to 1978. Nominator: Maurice J. Bessman, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences.
    With a strong and broad base in biochemistry, microbiology, immunology and genetics, Thomas Cebula is one of those rare investigators who have made important contributions in basic as well as applied research. At the Food and Drug Administration, he has had a profound effect on public health issues by developing molecular methods for the detection of pathogens in the environment and in the food supply.

Leland W.K. Chung, John Kluge Distinguished Professor of Urology, Biochemistry, Hematology/Oncology and director of the Molecular Urology and Therapeutics Program, Emory University School of Medicine.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (now Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences) and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, 1969 to 1972. Nominator: Donald S. Coffey, School of Medicine.
    An outstanding international leader in the field of urological research, Leland Chung developed the first model of human prostate cancer metastasis. That has led to a new form of gene therapy for prostate cancer that now is in clinical trials and shows great promise. A professor at Emory University, he has won the Ben Rogers Award for Excellence in Research at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, the State of Georgia Distinguished Cancer Clinician and Scientist Award and the prestigious Wu Jieping Medical Science Award from the Chinese government.

John F. Ferguson, professor of civil engineering, University of Washington.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, 1970 to 1974. Nominator: Edward J. Bouwer, Whiting School of Engineering.
    In the field of water quality engineering, John Ferguson's research contributions span several areas, including microbial and chemical processes in anaerobic treatment and advanced biological treatment systems. His work on biological treatment processes for controlling hazardous wastes is providing treatment options that promise to reduce the risks to the public and the environment. In addition to conducting meritorious research, he is dedicated to teaching and working with students, many of whom will be among the next generation of exemplary environmental engineers.

Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, professor of aerospace and mechanical engineering, University of Notre Dame.
    At Hopkins: graduate student in the Department of Mechanics (now Mechanical Engineering), 1968 to 1972, and postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Mechanics and Materials Science (now Mechanical Engineering), 1973. Nominator: Andrea Prosperetti, Whiting School of Engineering.
    Winner of the Alexander von Humboldt Prize, Germany's highest prize for U.S. scientists and researchers, Mohamed Gad-el-Hak is well known for advancing several important and novel diagnostic tools for turbulent flows and for discovering the efficient mechanism by which a turbulent spot rapidly grows by destabilizing a surrounding laminar flow. He has also worked on many other important flow problems and in particular, most recently, in the new area of micro-fluid mechanics.

Ibrahim A. Gambari, undersecretary-general and special adviser on Africa, the United Nations Secretariat.
    At Hopkins: visiting professor, African Studies Program at SAIS, 1986 to 1989. Nominator: Gilbert M. Khadiagala, SAIS.
    In a long and distinguished career, Ibrahim Gambari has traveled widely and served with distinction as both a diplomat and a scholar. Prior to joining the U.N. Secretariat, he was Nigeria's longest serving ambassador/permanent representative to the United Nations. As a scholar, he has published a number of books on foreign policy-making, economics and African politics, including Theory and Reality in Foreign Policy Decision Making, which is an insightful account of his tenure as foreign minister of Nigeria. He has taught at SAIS, Georgetown and the Brookings Institution and is the founder of the Savannagh Centre for Diplomacy, a think tank in Nigeria devoted to analyzing and solving problems in Africa.

Melvin M. Grumbach, E.B. Shaw Professor of Pediatrics Emeritus, University of California, San Francisco.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, School of Medicine at the Harriet Lane Home, 1953 to 1955. Nominator: Michael A. Levine, School of Medicine.
    As a leader in research on the hormonal control of growth and maturation, Melvin Grumbach has studied the development and function of the human endocrine and neuroendocrine systems from fetal life through puberty. His current research is focused on deciphering gene mutations that affect the growth and maturation of bones as well as sexual development. He is also past president of the Endocrine Society, the American Pediatric Society and the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society.

Willa A. Hsueh, professor of medicine and chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 1973 to 1976. Nominator: Paul W. Ladenson, School of Medicine.
    Willa Hsueh directs a major research team investigating the impact of diabetes and other metabolic factors on the cardiovascular system. Her projects span the spectrum of translational research from bench to animal cage to bedside. She is highly respected and internationally recognized as having made important contributions to the understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. She is also an accomplished medical educator and mentors a number of junior faculty and fellows in clinical and bench research.

Gerald A. Klassen, emeritus professor, emeritus university vice president and emeritus department chair, Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, 1963 to 1965. Nominator: Kenneth Zierler, School of Medicine.
    A major figure in Canadian medicine, Gerald Klassen is a retired professor of medicine, chairman of the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and vice president for academic and research affairs at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia. A past president of the Canadian Society of Clinical Investigation, Klassen holds several patents on instruments for medical research and presides over a company he founded for their manufacture. He helped develop a method for studying regional myocardial mechanics in man, and he developed a laser Doppler method for studies in the beating heart, with which he found that a major determinant of myocardial blood flow is the folding of red blood cells by heart muscle cells.

Mark A. Klebanoff, director, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institutes of Health.
    At Hopkins: M.P.H. student, 1982 to 1983; taught reproductive epidemiology in the Department of Population Dynamics, 1985 to 1997; currently part-time faculty in the Department of Population and Family Health Sciences. Nominators: Bernard Guyer and Ronald Gray, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
    In work that is widely cited and which has had important implications on national policy, Mark Klebanoff has conducted epidemiologic research in maternal and child health, demonstrating that a woman's own birth weight and gestational age affect the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth in her offspring. He is also noted for his contributions to several randomized trials on the prevention of preeclampsia and effects of the control of infection during pregnancy on preterm delivery and low birth weight. Klebanoff has worked for the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development since 1987 and in 1999 was named the director of the NICHD's Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research.

Giovanni Romeo, professor of medical genetics, University of Bologna Medical School.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, 1968 to 1971. Nominator: Victor A. McKusick, School of Medicine.
    Giovanni Romeo's research has been wide-ranging in the study of human genetics and genetic disorders with almost 300 publications. He has organized a short course in medical genetics that is the European equivalent of the Bar Harbor Course of Johns Hopkins and The Jackson Laboratory. At the University of Bologna, he is developing an institute of genetic medicine to advance the fields of genetics and genomics in Italy. A collaboration with the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Hopkins promises to forge another relationship of Johns Hopkins with Bologna.

Larry A. Sargent, chairman, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tennessee.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow in general surgery, 1977 to 1979, and plastic surgery, 1980 to 1983. Nominator: Paul N. Manson, School of Medicine.
    Larry Sargent has distinguished himself as an educator, surgeon and mentor and is one of the most prominent program directors and craniofacial surgeons in the nation. While he was a resident in plastic surgery, the technical superiority of his facial fracture repair results became known, and some of the original work on complex facial fracture injury repair, orbital reconstruction and nasoethmoid repair was written. He is founder and director of the nationally recognized Tennessee Craniofacial Center, which is one of the best known in the country for the excellence of its results. His skill as a surgeon and the technical excellence of his results are acknowledged universally among plastic surgeons and serve as a standard for his profession. He has also been active in the design of new equipment and techniques that benefit the entire community.

Barry Shane, professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley.
    At Hopkins: assistant and associate professor, Department of Biochemistry (now Biochemistry and Molecular Biology), 1977 to 1985. Nominator: Roger McMacken, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
    Barry Shane is internationally recognized for his groundbreaking research on folic acid and other water-soluble vitamins. He and his research group have cloned many of the human genes encoding the key enzymes in the regulation of folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism and have identified influences in these genes that affect the risk of vascular disease, cancer and birth defects. He has collaborated extensively with epidemiologists to evaluate the public health implications of his findings. Shane is a recipient of the Mead Johnson Award from the American Institute of Nutrition.

Lynne S. Wilcox, director, Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Center for Disease Control
    At Hopkins: M.P.H. program and postdoctoral fellowship in Maternal and Child Health (now Population and Family Health Sciences), 1986 to 1988. Nominator: Donna M. Strobino, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
    Lynne Wilcox's research has focused on several women's reproductive health concerns, including the effects of tubal sterilization on the health of women and the population variations in hysterectomy rates. While she has made many contributions, she is best known for her work on the effect of assisted reproductive technology on pregnancy and multiple birth risk. This work has greatly contributed to understanding the magnitude of the technology's effect on multiple births and, in turn, the rate of low-weight births in the country.

2001

Gordon Leslie Ada, visiting fellow, Division of Immunology and Cell Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University.
   At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1988-91. Nominated by Noel R. Rose, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
   One of the world's most distinguished virologists and immunologists, Gordon Ada did landmark research on the localization of antigen during the early stages of the immune response. Under his leadership, the Department of Microbiology at the John Curtin School in Canberra, Australia, became an international center for the study of the immune response to viral infections, work for which colleagues of his received a Nobel Prize. Ada also has been a leader in the development of vaccines worldwide. While at Johns Hopkins, he served as director of the Center for AIDS Research.

Theodore A. Bickart, retired president, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colo.
   At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Electrical Engineering (now Electrical and Computer Engineering), 1960-61. Nominated by C.R. Westgate, Whiting School of Engineering.
   Fourteenth president of the Colorado School of Mines and former dean of engineering at Syracuse and Michigan State universities, Theodore Bickart achieved national prominence as a leader in engineering education. He was the driving force behind a new accreditation process that has impacted engineering programs worldwide.

Ron F. Blackwelder, professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Southern California.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Mechanics (now the Department of Mechanical Engineering), May to September 1970. Nominated by Andrea Prosperetti, Whiting School of Engineering.
    Ron Blackwelder has made seminal contributions in the areas of turbulence, flow stability, drag reduction and instrumentation, and his contribution to particle image velocimetry was instrumental in placing this technique at the forefront of contemporary experimental fluid mechanics. In addition, Blackwelder has played an active role in practical aspects of aerodynamics, including the relationship between the flow ingested by aircraft engines and their performance.

Linda R. Gooding, professor of microbiology and immunology, Emory University School of Medicine.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Biology, 1972-74. Nominated by Michael Eddin, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences.
    Linda Gooding has made important contributions in understanding the immune response to viruses and was the first to show how virus antigens are presented to immune effector cells. Her work has provided key insights into the cell biology of immune responses and assists with the treatment of virus infection and the use of small DNA viruses for gene therapy.

Robert J. Gould, vice president, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pa.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Neuroscience, 1981-84. Nominated by Solomon H. Snyder, School of Medicine.
    As vice president of pharmacology at the Merck Research Laboratories, Robert Gould has played an important role in developing a major new anti-clotting drug, Aggrastat, which has already decreased the incidence of heart attack and death in patients with coronary artery disease. He is regarded as one of the top cardiovascular research directors in the pharmaceutical industry.

Michael A. Hayes, professor of mathematical physics in the Department of Mathematical Physics, University College Dublin.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Mechanics Department (now the Department of Mechanical Engineering), 1961-62. Nominated by Marc Parlange, Whiting School of Engineering.
    A professor in the Department of Mathematical Physics at University College Dublin, Michael Hayes has done pioneering work in all areas of mechanics. In particular, his work on wave propagation in materials, deformation of materials and fluid mechanics has had implications for virtually all branches of engineering and applied mathematics.

Haig H. Kazazian Jr., Seymour Gray Professor of Molecular Medicine in Genetics and chairman, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow, 1964-66; JHH house staff, 1968-69. Nominated by Barbara R. Migeon, School of Medicine.
    Chairman of the Department of Genetics at the University of Pennsylvania, Haig Kazazian is an outstanding medical geneticist, teacher and creative experimentalist who has contributed extensively to our knowledge of the molecular basis of human genetic disease.

Herbert Lepor, professor and Martin Spatz Chairman of Urology, New York University School of Medicine.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Urology, 1981-85. Nominated by Patrick C. Walsh, School of Medicine.
    Herbert Lepor is a pioneer in the development of medical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. His contributions include characterization of alpha receptors in the smooth muscle of the prostate and development of clinical trials that demonstrated the superiority of alpha-blockers over the other common form of medical management. At age 37, he was named chairman of Urology at New York University, where he has developed one of the finest academic urology programs in the nation.

David M. Ozonoff, professor and chair, Boston University School of Public Health.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of International Health, 1968. Nominated by John D. Groopman, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
    David Ozonoff, chair of the Department of Environmental Health at the Boston University School of Public Health, has been internationally recognized for his pioneering work in studying health risks to communities from exposures to toxic chemicals. This work is a model for communities faced with the consequences of hazardous waste contamination.

Peter Safar, Distinguished Professor of Resuscitation Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Anesthesiology, 1954-61. Nominated by Roger A. Johns, School of Medicine.
    A native of Vienna, Austria, Peter Safar spent many years in Baltimore at Johns Hopkins and Baltimore City Hospitals. It was during those years that his work on cardiopulmonary resuscitation developed into the life-saving techniques commonly referred to as CPR. His long and illustrious career has seen him establish three academic anesthesiology departments and make countless contributions to emergency medicine and helping save people's lives following cardiac arrest.

Konrad Sandhoff, professor and director, Department of Biochemistry, Kekule-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Biology, 1972-74. Nominated by Saul Roseman, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences.
    In the field of lysosomal storage diseases, one of which bears his name, Konrad Sandhoff has clearly established himself as the preeminent leader in the field. His laboratory has played a principal role in elucidating the pathways of synthesis and degradation of these compounds, which permits identifying the genetic defect at the molecular level. His work has very important clinical implications.

George Scangos, president and chief executive officer, Exelixis Inc., South San Francisco.
    At Hopkins: Assistant professor, 1980-86, and associate professor, July to December 1986, in the Department of Biology. Nominated by Victor Corces, Eaton E. Lattman and E.N. Moudrianakis, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, and Thomas J. Kelly Jr., School of Medicine.
    George Scangos was one of a team of three scientists to generate the first transgenic mouse. This breakthrough and the applications of it, as pioneered by Scangos over several years, paved the way for the current developments in molecular diagnostics, gene therapy and the development of protein drugs and other pharmaceuticals. He has made major contributions in basic science as well as in applied biotechnology and is currently president and CEO of a groundbreaking biotech company, Exelixis.

Mark Schiffman, chief, Interdisciplinary Studies Section, Environmental Epidemiology Branch. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Epidemiology, 1983-84. Nominated by Keerti V. Shah and Kenrad E. Nelson, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
    Mark Schiffman has made major contributions in the field of human papillomaviruses, or HPV, and cancer of the cervix. He played a key role in establishing the link between the HPV infection and cervical cancer and now heads an effort to evaluate a candidate vaccine for the prevention of cervical neoplasia.

Huntington Sheldon, retired Strathcona Professor of Pathology, McGill University.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Pathology, 1956-59. Nominated by Richard S. Ross, School of Medicine.
    As professor of pathology at McGill University for many years, Huntington Sheldon is known for his innovative research, which combined electron microscopy and histochemistry and that led to the discovery of extracellular localization of alkaline phosphatase. At McGill, he also was well known as a teacher, and his autopsy conference was very popular with medical students. Sheldon published widely, including a textbook of pathology for health professionals that is in its 12th edition.

Vernon T. Tolo, chairman, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1971-75. Nominated by F.J. Frassica, School of Medicine.
    As chairman of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the Children's Hospital in Los Angeles, Vernon Tolo has made major contributions to pediatric orthopedic spine surgery, pediatric skeletal trauma and professional development. His work on spinal stenosis in achondroplasia, and other spinal problems, has made treatment safer and more effective. He has built an outstanding academic department whose work has advanced the fields of trauma treatment, cerebral palsy and children's bone tumors.

The following two scholars who were inducted in absentia in 2000 (see 2000 listing) also will participate in the ceremony.
Tom Ryan DeMeester, professor of general and cardiothoracic surgery and chairman of the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine.
Wolfgang Kollmann, professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Davis.

2000

James G. Brasseur, professor of mechanical engineering and bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University.
At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Department of Chemical Engineering, 1983-85. Nominated by Daniel Q. Naiman.
   As a professor of engineering and bioengineering, James Brasseur has achieved an international reputation for excellence in two disparate areas of research: turbulence physics and the physiology and mechanics of the gastrointestinal tract. His work on turbulence has been recognized by many, including the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at Cambridge University. He is an engineer whose research into the motility of the pharynx, upper sphincter, esophagus and stomach is well-known in the medical community.

Tom R. Ryan DeMeester, professor of general and cardiothoracic surgery and chairman of the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral research fellow in transplantation biology, 1967-68. Nominated by John L. Cameron.
   Tom DeMeester has made more contributions to the understanding of the pathophysiology of esophageal disease and the diagnosis and treatment of both benign and malignant esophageal diseases than any other surgeon in the world. An expert on gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's adenocarcinoma, DeMeester has been in the forefront of a small group of individuals who have contributed both clinical and laboratory information concerning the evolution of Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's adenocarcinoma.

Malcolm Paul Weston Godfrey, retired chairman of the United Medical and Dental Schools Council, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and Medical Schools (now Wing's College), London.
At Hopkins: Fellow in medicine, 1957-59. Nominated by Richard S. Ross.
   Malcolm Paul Weston Godfrey has had a distinguished career in the United Kingdom, serving in a number of high-level positions administering health care and research. He served as dean of the Royal Postgraduate Medical School at the University of London and also became chair of the Council of Governors of United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals. Throughout his career he has been interested in the development of the National Health Service and the partnership between service and medical and dental teaching and research, and he has contributed to the evolution of the Health Service and to the integration of academic medicine with that organization.

David Karzon, emeritus professor of pediatrics, microbiology and immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in virology, Department of Medicine, 1948-50. Nominated by Noel R. Rose.
   David Karzon achieved widespread fame for his seminal studies on the Newcastle disease virus in chickens and the canine distemper virus. He worked on safely introducing the polio vaccine and was one of the first to identify so-called orphan viruses known as the ECHO group. He remains a national authority on viral immunology and vaccinology and is often consulted on issues of vaccine safety.

David W. Kennedy, professor and chairman, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center.
At Hopkins: Assistant resident in surgery, assistant resident in otolaryngology and chief resident in otolaryngology, 1973-78. Nominated by Charles W. Cummings.
   David Kennedy is regarded as the premiere rhinologist in the United States today. His surgical talents are internationally recognized and, as head of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania, he has led that department to the top echelon of academic medical centers.

Wolfgang Kollmann, professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Davis.
At Hopkins: Fellow in the Department of Mechanics and Materials Science, 1973-75. Nominated by Marc Parlange and Charles Meneveau.
   Recognized as a world leader in the study of turbulence, turbulent combustion and numerical simulation of turbulent flows, Wolfgang Kollmann has over the past 25 years advanced the state of the art in the solution of important engineering problems associated with complex flows. His work is used by leading government and private laboratories and is taught today in advanced graduate courses in universities worldwide.

Louis Lasagna, dean of the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences; dean for scientific affairs, School of Medicine; professor of psychiatry (clinical pharmacology); professor of pharmacology; chairman of the board and adjunct scholar, Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, Tufts University.
At Hopkins: Assistant and instructor in the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, 1950-52. Nominated by Reubin Andres.
   Louis Lasagna is generally acknowledged as the father of clinical pharmacology. His 1954 paper on the placebo response was selected by the editors of The Lancet as one of the landmark papers of the 20th-century in the canon of Western medicine. Another paper written early in his career, on the controlled clinical trial, also has become a classic. His remarkable career has delved deeply into areas of clinical trial methodology, analgesics and hypnotics as well as the placebo effect, and his work has made major contributions to medical education.

Bennie I. Osburn, dean of the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis.
At Hopkins: Special research fellow in ophthalmology, 1968-70. Nominated by Arthur M. Silverstein.
   With the publication of more than 260 scientific publications since his time at Hopkins, Bennie Osburn has made many significant contributions to both veterinary and human pathology and medicine, especially in the pathogenesis of viral diseases, in the comparative pathology in infection and the immune response. His work on veterinary pathology and veterinary immunology has earned him an international reputation. He also has had a distinguished career in administration, serving as dean of the Davis School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California since 1996.

Hanna Reisler, professor of chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California.
At Hopkins: IAEA research fellow, Chemistry Department, 1972-74. Nominated by Paul J. Dagdigian.
   Hanna Reisler's seminal contributions are in the area of photo-initiated reaction dynamics of small molecules in the gas phase. Her approach of devising novel and incisive experiments to examine fundamental concepts that can be modeled by high-level theoretical treatments has had a major impact on the field of molecular photodissociation dynamics. Her work on quantum state resolved unimolecular decomposition dynamics has provided data for rigorous tests of statistical theories under conditions where the initial state and excess energy are well-defined. In influential work, she has tied together molecular quantum fluctuation phenomena and statistical theories by establishing the fundamental relationship between molecular interferences and the random fluctuations observed in nuclear reactions.

Harry Schachter, professor, Department of Biochemistry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Biology, 1966-68. Nominated by Saul Roseman.
   Harry Schachter has made trail-blazing contributions in the field of glycobiology, one of the most difficult fields of modern biochemistry and cell biology. His work looks at the complex relationships of the carbohydrates and proteins that coat cell surfaces and allow living cells to recognize and communicate with one another.

Zohair Ahmed Sebai, chairman, Arab Development Institute, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
At Hopkins: Doctorate, School of Public Health, 1969. Nominated by Haroutune K. Armenian.
   Zohair Ahmed Sebai has made extraordinary contributions to the development of modern, effective public health programs in Saudi Arabia. His efforts were critical to the establishment of departments of community medicine and to adoption of nontraditional approaches to medical education. As a leading public health official, he effectively used the mass media to educate the public on public health issues, and he has helped shape public health policy at the highest levels of his government.

Craig Robert Smith, president and chief executive officer of Guilford Pharmaceuticals, Baltimore.
At Hopkins: Fellow in internal medicine, 1972-75. Nominated by Michael J. Klag.
   After completing his medical training at Hopkins, Craig Smith served as assistant chief of the Osler Medical Service and subsequently was chief of the Division of General Internal Medicine. As co-founder and director of Guilford Pharmaceuticals, Smith has helped guide the company in researching and developing a number of important new medical treatments for life-threatening diseases, advancing medical science and building Guilford Pharmaceuticals into a 200-employee business with $300 million in market capitalization.

Ronald E. Smith, Warren Professor and director of the Estelle Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California School of Medicine.
At Hopkins: Intern, School of Medicine; resident and chief resident, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, 1967-73. Nominated by Morton F. Goldberg.
   Ronald Smith's numerous contributions to our understanding of ocular inflammation have made him a clinician and scientist of international repute in the field of ophthalmology. His expertise extends to the medical and surgical management of corneal and external diseases of the eyes. He has been an important educator and proven leader in American ophthalmology, having served as president of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and chairman of the American Board of Ophthalmology.

Hiroshi Tomoda, director of the Institute for Biological Function, the Kitasato Institute, Tokyo.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow, Department of Biology and the Kennedy Institute, 1987-89. Nominated by Yuan C. Lee.
   Hiroshi Tomoda's lifelong passion for isolating biomedically useful microbial products has led him to discover compounds that promise to open new horizons in solving problems of arteriosclerosis and even HIV infection, as well as compounds that are effective in lowering cholesterol levels. Holder of more than 20 patents on compounds, Tomoda not only has produced practical products but provided insights into understanding enzyme mechanisms.

Sharon Anne Whelan Weiss, professor and vice chair of the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital.
At Hopkins: Intern, resident and chief resident, 1971-75. Nominated by Fred Sanfilippo.
   Sharon Anne Whelan Weiss is a leading authority in the field of surgical pathology. As an investigator and diagnostic pathologist, she has helped define the pathologic characteristics of numerous diseases, especially soft tissue tumors, and is widely sought for her diagnostic expertise. Weiss also is a noted educator and academic leader, having served on the editorial boards of the American Journal of Surgical Pathology and the Journal of Clinical Pathology and as president of the U.S.-Canadian Academy of Pathology.

1999

Kenneth I. Berns, interim vice president for health affairs and dean of the College of Medicine, University of Florida; postdoctoral experience, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (formerly Department of Microbiology), School of Medicine, 1966-67; nominated by Thomas J. Kelly Jr.
   Kenneth Berns has devoted most of his scientific research career to the study of the molecular basis of replication of the human parvovirus, adeno-associated virus. He has been a major contributor to our knowledge concerning the ability of AAV to establish latent infections in human cells and to be reactivated by adenovirus infection. His work was instrumental in providing the basis for the current interest in the use of this virus as a vector for gene therapy. He has served as president of the American Society for Virology and the American Society of Microbiology and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

George A. Bray, executive director and professor, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, La.; postdoctoral experience, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, 1957-58; nominated by Simeon Margolis.
   George Bray's interest in obesity began with a question about the biological basis for inherited obesity. Using as models genetically obese mice and rats available when he was a fellow and faculty member at Tufts, he began a series of animal studies that have continued for 35 years. He has examined the effects of food restriction, dietary composition, insulin resistance and the administration of thyroid hormone, cholecystokinin and various anorectic drugs in rats obese due to genetic factors or hypothalamic lesions. His laboratory studies have also shown that dietary fat intake can be selectively regulated either by a pancreatic peptide (enterostatin) or by serotonin release in the brain. The results of these studies have provided an understanding that one important cause of obesity is defects in the feedback system that regulates food intake. He then used the insights gained from these animal experiments to study patients with obesity in the clinic. Findings regarding the role of monoamines in controlling food intake have contributed to his studies on the role of drugs that modulate neurotransmitters as possible treatments for obesity. He is the lead author on the multicenter study of subutramine, a drug that has just been approved for the treatment of obesity in the United States.

Robert M. Chanock, chief of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; postdoctoral experience, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, 1956-57; nominated by Diane E. Griffin.
   Robert Chanock has had a career committed to the discovery of the etiology of many respiratory diseases and to developing vaccines for virus diseases of children and adults. He was responsible for the initial isolations of many respiratory viruses, e.g., respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, corona viruses and a number of strains of rhinovirus. He also was the first to isolate and characterize a new type of infectious agent, mycoplasma. He defined most of what we know about the virologic and epidemiologic characteristics and the clinical spectrum of these infections. As chief of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases at the NIAID, he currently leads the largest U.S. program for developing new vaccines for important virus diseases of humans. He has trained many of the leaders in human virology. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1973.

Michael J. Dunn, professor of medicine, dean and executive vice president, Medical College of Wisconsin; postdoctoral experience, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, 1962-65; nominated by W. Gordon Walker.
   Michael Dunn's early classic description of experimental magnesium depletion in the human and subsequent studies of erythrocyte ion transport that clarified previously disparate views of sodium transport across the red blood cell membrane are recognized as outstanding research contributions. His most significant and sustained research on the role of prostaglandins in modulating renal function has provided new insights into the endocrine regulation of kidney function in health and disease. His studies of the renal toxicity of widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents have provided both clinical guidance and new insights into the basic physiology of the renal circulation.

Gerald A.M. Finerman, chairman, Department of Orthopaedics, University of California-Los Angeles; postdoctoral experience, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, 1966-69; nominated by John P. Kostuik.
   Gerald Finerman received his medical degree at Johns Hopkins and following his residency here was appointed an assistant professor in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Johns Hopkins. With Lee Riley Jr., he initiated the total hip service at Johns Hopkins. At UCLA, which he joined in 1971, he specializes in sports medicine joint replacement. He has been in charge of the sports medicine program for the Department of Intercollegiate Athletics and was chief medical officer for the UCLA village in the 1984 Olympic games. He recently was awarded a large grant from NIH to evaluate kinematics of the cruciate ligaments of the knee.

Mark T. Keating, professor of medicine and of human genetics and HHMI investigator, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah; postdoctoral experience, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, 1980-83; nominated by Victor A. McKusick.
   Mark Keating, who did his residency training on the Osler Medical Service of The Johns Hopkins Hospital, is a pioneer in molecular cardiology. Starting in 1991 and using methods of map-based gene discovery, he and his colleagues at the University of Utah characterized the genes mutant in four forms of the long QT syndrome, a cause of cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. In 1993, he and his students showed that the gene for elastin is mutated or deleted in cases of the aortic malformation called supravalvar aortic stenosis. They went on to show that the elastin gene and neighboring genes are deleted in about 90 percent of patients with Williams syndrome, a developmental abnormality that has supravalvar aortic stenosis as one feature. Thus, the studies of Keating demonstrated that elastin is essential to arterial morphogenesis. His studies of the several forms of long QT syndrome revealed new information about the function of potassium ion channels in the heart and provided DNA diagnosis in family members at risk for sudden death.

David T. Kelly, Scandrett Professor of Cardiology and director, Hallstrom Institute of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; postdoctoral experience, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 1969-76; nominated by Richard S. Ross.
   David Kelly received medical and cardiology training in New Zealand and held junior faculty posts in London and Cape Town before coming in 1969 to Johns Hopkins, where he was served on the faculty until 1976. While at Hopkins, Kelly was involved in the development of radio nucleotide imaging of the heart. When he returned to Australia, he established the Department of Nuclear Medicine at the University of Sydney. He has been a pioneer in cardiovascular pharmacology and in the use of vasodilators in myocardial infarction. More recently, his interests have been directed toward the epidemiology of coronary disease, and he was invited to give the Paul Dudley White International Lecture at the 1996 Annual Scientific Session of the American Heart Association. Kelly has been president of the International Society and the Federation of Cardiology and will be president of the 14th World Congress of Cardiology, to be held in Sydney in the year 2002.

Jon C. Liebman, professor emeritus, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; postdoctoral experience, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering (formerly Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences), School of Engineering, 1965-72; nominated by Charles ReVelle and M. Gordon Wolman.
   Jon Liebman began his academic career on the faculty at Hopkins, where he established one of the nation's first research programs in environmental systems engineering and provided the university's first course in scientific computing. At the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, he headed the Civil Engineering Department, one of the largest in the country. Liebman's pioneering research has been in the area of environmental systems analysis, a field that blends the tools of operations research with the practical problems of environmental management. In particular, he has done path-breaking research in applications of mathematical modeling and optimization to the regional management of water quality; his seminal dynamic programming work led to extensive follow-on research on this important problem. He established the nation's first research program that focused on optimal methods for solid waste management. With his students, he studies the complex mathematical problems associated with collection, routing, transfer station siting and landfill siting in order to determine cost-efficient regional solid waste-disposal systems. He has also published extensively on optimal sewer system design and on the design of water distribution systems.

Paul Meier, Howard Levene Professor, Department of Statistics, Columbia University; postdoctoral experience, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 1952-57; nominated by Scott Zeger.
   In 1958, Paul Meier published with E.L. Kaplan a paper in the Journal of the American Statistical Association titled "Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations" that introduced the now famous Kaplan-Meier estimate of the survival function, which populates every major medical and public health journal throughout the world. With the Cox proportional hazards model, the Kaplan-Meier estimate of a survival function is perhaps the most commonly used statistical method in clinical research. Meier had started this seminal work as a graduate student at Princeton and completed it as a faculty member in the Hopkins Department of Biostatistics. With this single paper, Meier established himself as the leading biostatistician of his day. He went on to a distinguished career, serving for more than 30 years as professor of statistics at the University of Chicago, during which time he became the leading American expert in the design, conduct and analysis of data from clinical trials.

Nicholas Muzyczka, professor, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida Health Science Center; postdoctoral experience, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (formerly Department of Microbiology), School of Medicine, 1974-77; nominated by Maurice J. Bessman.
   Nicholas Muzyczka's doctoral thesis from the Hopkins Department of Biology on bacterial viruses was seminal to our understanding of the biochemical basis of spontaneous mutations. Later, as a postdoctoral fellow in Daniel Nathan's laboratory, Muzyczka began his work with animal viruses that has made him a leader in the area of gene therapy, using adeno-associated virus as the vector for replacing defective genes. His fundamental studies on viral replication have been instrumental in advancing the technology of gene replacement in the treatment of human disease.

Carol Wolf Runyan, professor, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, and director, University of North Carolina Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; postdoctoral experience, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, 1985-86; nominated by Susan P. Baker.
   Carol Runyan's achievements and leadership in injury control have placed her at the forefront of this critical field. Shortly after completing her postdoctoral fellowship in epidemiology at the School of Public Health, she was appointed associate director and then director of the Injury Prevention Research Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Runyan's seminal research on adolescent and occupational injuries was accomplished during a period when both areas lacked good epidemiological work. Her papers on injuries to women have called attention to the underrecognized fact that injuries are the major cause of death among women for the first several decades of life. Her research is now making important contributions to the problem of violence against women.

Olive Shisana, executive director, Family and Health Services, World Health Organization; postdoctoral experience, Department of Health Policy and Management (formerly Department of Behavior Sciences), School of Public Health, 1981-84; nominated by David D. Celentano and Richard Morrow Jr.
   Olive Shisana, who in the mid-1970s fled South Africa because of anticipated arrest for her active anti-apartheid activities, has led the extraordinary transformation of that country's apartheid separate and unequal hospital-based health systems through to an integrated, equitable district-based primary health care-oriented system. After obtaining a master's degree from Loyola College in Baltimore and a ScD from the Department of Behavioral Sciences at Johns Hopkins, she joined the Department of Human Services, District of Columbia, where, from 1986 to 1991, she served as chief statistical adviser and then chief of research and statistics.
   With the revolutionary political shifts in South Africa that would allow her expertise to be put to good use in rebuilding her homeland, she returned in 1991 to join the South African Medical Research Council.
   While with the MRC she was seconded to the University of the Western Cape to develop in parallel with the University of the Transvaal the first school of public health in South Africa. She became technical adviser to the African National Congress on Provincial Restructuring of the Administrations, Civil Service Restructuring and Affirmative Action and was instrumental in radically redrawing boundaries for the provinces and districts, which was fundamental to the drive for equitable social services. When the new Government of National Unity took over, she was appointed director general of the South African Department of Health in 1995, carrying through the full transformation of the previously inequitable, highly fractionated, racially structured health system in the face of unrelenting opposition by the incumbent members of the previous health establishment. Largely because of her courageous and compelling management of the health system of South Africa, she was one of the first people selected by Gro Brundtland, the new director-general of the World Health Organization, to join her inner cabinet, as executive director of Family and Health Services.

David B. Skinner, president and CEO, the New York Presbyterian Hospital and New York Presbyterian Healthcare System; postdoctoral experience, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, 1968-72; nominated by John L. Cameron.
   David Skinner is a general thoracic surgeon whose first faculty appointment was in 1968 as an assistant professor in the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, where he later was promoted to professor. His major interests were esophageal surgery, pulmonary surgery and support of the failing heart. He left Hopkins after five years to become the Dallas B. Phemister Professor of Surgery and chairman of the department at the University of Chicago. When he became president of New York Hospital in 1987, he was recognized as one of the outstanding esophageal surgeons in the world. Under his leadership, New York Hospital has gone from losing a million dollars a week to being a very successful institution, which recently combined with Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, with Skinner as the CEO of the combined New York Presbyterian Hospital and New York Presbyterian Healthcare System.

Eric Jeffrey Topol, chairman, Department of Cardiology, and director, Joseph J. Jacob Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation; postdoctoral experience, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 1982-85; nominated by Kenneth L. Baughman.
   While a fellow at Hopkins, Eric Topol made original observations on the influence of bypass graft surgery on stunned myocardium and the early use of thrombolytic agents. Following his fellowship, Topol was recruited by the University of Michigan School of Medicine, where he rose to the rank of professor in 1991 and was the director of the cardiac catheterization laboratory. He was subsequently appointed chairman of the Department of Cardiology at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, where he also directs the Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. He has organized a worldwide network of cardiovascular investigators who have completed a multitude of randomized, prospective placebo-controlled trials, which have dramatically forwarded our knowledge of evidence-based cardiology. In the area of cardiovascular diseases, Topol has authored or co-authored 528 original manuscripts, 15 books, 99 book chapters, 40 letters to the editor, 406 abstracts and 54 non-peer review articles.

Gayle Woodson, professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tennessee; postdoctoral experience, Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, 1976-78; nominated by Charles W. Cummings.
   Gayle Woodson attended medical school at Baylor and did her surgical internship and first year of resident surgical training at Hopkins, prior to returning to Baylor in the otolaryngological head and neck surgical training program. She completed a fellowship in laryngeal physiology at the Institute of Laryngology and Otology in London and became certified by both the Royal College of Surgeons of Canada and the American Board of Otolaryngology. She served on the medical faculties of Baylor College and the University of California at San Diego before moving to the University of Tennessee. Woodson serves as a director of the American Board of Otolaryngology and is on the residency review committee for otolaryngology. She is currently president of the Society of University Otolaryngologists and the Advisory Council for Otolaryngology for the American College of Surgeons. Woodson serves on four editorial boards of peer-reviewed journals and has authored 85 publications and book chapters.

1998

J. Carl Barrett
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Dr. Barrett's research is centered on the relationship between aging and cancer, the genes involved in cellular senescence and apoptosis, the role of BRCA-1 as a tumor suppressor gene, and the function of KAI-1, a newly cloned prostate cancer metastasis suppressor gene. A chairperson, organizer, or keynote speaker at numerous professional conferences and symposia, he is the scientific director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, associate editor of Cancer Research, and editor-in-chief of Molecular Carcinogenesis.

Harvey W. Bender Jr.
Nashville, Tennessee
Dr. Bender's skills as an outstanding pediatric cardiac surgeon earned him wide recognition during his 11 years at Hopkins and his present tenure at Vanderbilt University, where he is professor of surgery and chairman of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery. He is a noted expert on all pediatric cardiac anomalies, and he is particularly well-known for his surgical skills in managing complete transposition of the great vessels.

Tibor Borsos
Chevy Chase, Maryland
Dr. Borsos' career can be divided into three major areas: research related to the role of Rous sarcoma virus in the pathogenesis of cancer; a lifelong interest in complement and complement-mediated lysis; and pioneering investigations on the immunology of tumors, studies that led to the first clinical trial of BCG in the treatment of bladder cancer. He spent most of his career at the National Cancer Institute. At the time of his retirement in 1988, he was chief of the Laboratory of Immuno-biology. Until 1994, he served as research professor of pathology at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.

Lonnie S. Burnett
Nashville, Tennessee
Dr. Burnett is well-recognized for his contributions in gynecological oncology. He is beloved at Johns Hopkins as a major force in the School of Medicine's alumni organization and especially in launching the Howard Kelly Society for the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. As a gynecologic oncologist, he has published extensively on the use of chemotherapeutic agents for ovarian cancer and is the co-author of the 11th edition of the textbook Novak's Gynecology, which originated at Johns Hopkins. Dr. Burnett has received numerous awards, including the H. Graham Wait Jr. Memorial President's Award in recognition of outstanding research and education contributions in the field of gynecology/ obstetrics.

Lanny Garth Close
New York, New York
Dr. Close is a leader in academic otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. After serving on the faculty of the University of Texas Medical School, in Houston, and the Southwestern Medical School, in Dallas, he joined the faculty at Columbia University, where he is the Howard Smith Professor and chairman of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. He serves on the editorial review boards of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Laryngoscope, and Cancer.

Claes H. Dohlman
Boston, Massachusetts Dr. Dohlman's major contributions to medicine have been in the field of diseases, physiology, and biochemistry of the cornea and in experimental pathology of the cornea. He developed and was the director of the corneal service of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, at which many of the current experts in the field received their training. The recipient of numerous awards, including the Friedenwald, Bjerrum, and Proctor lectureships, he is currently adjunct senior scientist at the Eye Research Institute, in Weston, Massachusetts.

Ari Gafni
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. Gafni has made major contributions to the understanding of aging. He not only has studied protein changes in the elderly and the comparison of proteins in old and young cells, but also he and his colleagues developed many of the specialized spectroscopic techniques used in these studies. Currently a professor in the Department of Biological Chemistry at the University of Michigan, he has held a U.S. State Department training fellowship and the Glasberg Career Development Chair in Physical Biochemistry. Recipient of the Kellogg Presidential Initiative Award, he also is a fellow of the Gerontological Society of America.

Andre Goffeau
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Dr. Goffeau has had a very productive career, highlighted by a number of important discoveries and accomplishments in the field of genetics. Among his often pioneering work, he led the worldwide team that recently completed the entire sequence of the yeast genome. A major contributor to biotechnology programs in Europe and an organizer of several scientific conferences, he is a Professor Extraordinaire at the Universit E9 Catholique de Louvain in Belgium.

Jack B.L. Howell
Southampton, United Kingdom
Dr. Howell has made outstanding contributions leading to a greater understanding of the control of breathing in health and disease and the mechanism of breathlessness. His clinical work was dominated by the management of asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Currently, he is a professor emeritus of medicine at the University of Southampton, chairman of the Southampton and Southwest Hampshire Health Authority, and chairman of the Board of Scunce and Education of the British Medical Association.

Trevor Martin Penning
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Dr. Penning's research on the enzymology of steroid hormones has made him one of the premier investigators in the world in understanding the mechanism, structure, and specificity of the family of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. He has not only achieved scientific distinction as a world leader in the field of steroid biochemistry but also commands the respect of his colleagues as an excellent teacher and administrator. A professor of pharmacology, obstetrics and gynecology, and biochemistry and biophysics, he is the associate dean for postdoctoral research training at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

Bertram Pitt
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. Pitt has spent his career investigating coronary circulation. With colleagues, he developed many methods that utilized radioactive substances for such studies, pioneering the application of the thallium scan for identification of ischemic areas in the myocardium. As professor of medicine and director of cardiology at the University of Michigan, he developed a strong research and training program. His accomplishments have been honored by membership in the American Physiological Society, the American Society of Clinical Investigation, and the Association of American Physicians.

Christine E. Seidman
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. Seidman has made major contributions to the molecular approaches to understanding cardiac pathophysiology and the genetic approaches to understanding inherited human disorders. Work in her lab established the first genetic abnormality to explain hereditary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A professor of medicine at the Harvard Medical School, she was elected to Alpha Omega Alpha and received the American Heart Association Clinician Scientist and Established Investigatorship awards.

Klaus V. Toyka
Wurzburg, Germany
The seminal research that Dr. Toyka carried out while a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins, has shaped his career investigating the immunological basis of neurological disorders, including peripheral neuropathies, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory myopathies. Recently involved in studies of genetically determined disorders, he brought the "Hopkins model" of research and clinical care to Germany when he assumed the chair of the Department of Neurology at the University of Wurzburg in Germany.

David C. U'Prichard
King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
Dr. U'Prichard's career has focused on pharmacology. He served as the senior vice president and scientific director for Nova Pharmaceuticals Corporation before being recruited by British Zeneca Group PLC, where he became the international research director in 1994. In 1997, he became president of research and development at SmithKline Beecham. In this position, he is responsible for the daily operations of the company's laboratories and nearly 5,000 preclinical development activities worldwide. He serves as an honorary professor at Glasgow University Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences and holds adjunct teaching posts at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Northwestern University School of Medicine.

1997

Po-Ya Chang
Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
Dr. Chang was among the first to recognize the public health problems emerging in Taiwan due to rapid socioeconomic and demographic change. She initiated research in occupational health, focusing on workers' exposure to lead and has been a pioneer advocate for women's health. She has served as mayor of Chiayi City, population 300,000, and in 1990 was appointed to her present position as director-general of the newly created National Department of Health for Taiwan.

Mahlon R. DeLong
Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. DeLong's research in neurology has changed the way we think about and treat two major illnesses: Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's. He was among the team that recognized the depletion of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis in Alzheimer's patients and has led the profession to reconsider how the basal ganglia function in relation to the brain stem. A clinician-investigator par excellence, he is currently professor and chairman of Neurology at Emory University School of Medicine.

James K. Edzwald
Amherst, Massachusetts
Dr. Edzwald's research and teaching in environmental engineering, particularly in the area of water supply and water quality, have earned him wide recognition. Currently professor and head of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Massachusetts, he has held positions at several universities, including Johns Hopkins, during his distinguished career. His work has garnered him professional prizes, as well as many consulting assignments; he recently served on an EPA panel concerning the New York City water supply.

Timothy S. Harrison
Hershey, Pennsylvania
A skilled surgeon and researcher, Dr. Harrison has made internationally recognized contributions in the field of endocrine surgery and has expanded our understanding of endocrine function, dysfunction, and neoplasms. He completed his residency in the Department of Surgery at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 1956; after a distinguished career as both physician and mentor, he is now professor emeritus of surgery and physiology at the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center of the Pennsylvania State University.

David McKinnon Lawrence
Oakland, California
A graduate of the General Preventive Medicine Residency Program at the School of Hygiene and Public Health, Dr. Lawrence has developed innovative health-care delivery systems to meet the challenges of large populations. He was one of the first to advocate the use of physicians' assistants and is committed to preventive care. As chairman and chief executive officer, he has led the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan to consistently high- quality assurance evaluations.

Allen Sollie Lichter
Ann Arbor, Michigan
During his tenure as chairman, Dr. Lichter has led the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of Michigan Medical School to become one of the premier departments in the country. He developed clinical trials to improve breast cancer treatment and has pioneered the use of three-dimensional methods for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Last year the New England Journal of Medicine honored his achievements by inviting him to author the journal's "Medical Progress" monograph on "Recent Advances in Radiation Oncology."

Gianni Marone
Naples, Italy
Dr. Marone is an internationally renowned figure in the world of clinical immunology and allergy and the recognized leader of the discipline in Italy. As a professor of medicine and the director of the Section of Clinical Immunology and Allergy at the University of Naples Federico II, he has trained a generation of young investigators in the field. Worldwide understanding of the pathogenesis of allergic disease has been enriched by his outstanding research and publications. Currently president of the Italian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, he has served as consultant to the Ministry of Health in Rome and to the World Health Organization. He also has received numerous awards from the Italian government and European medical societies.

Lechaim Naggan
Beer Sheva, Israel
Dr. Naggan combines the talents of researcher and administrator. A physician epidemiologist, he has investigated clinical problems such as congenital malformation and viral hepatitis, but he has also studied health services, successfully evaluating, for example, the health needs of Bedouins, a group unaccustomed to Western models of health care. He has served as Israeli deputy surgeon general, and is currently vice president and dean for research and development at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.

Jennifer R. Niebyl
Iowa City, Iowa
Dr. Niebyl's commitment to research, education, and clinical practice in obstetrics and gynecology is reflected in the variety of her accomplishments. Currently professor and head of medicine in that department at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, she also co-edits two professional journals. In the classroom she appears not only as a fine teacher, but also as co-editor of a widely used obstetrics textbook. Her research continues to generate new articles and book chapters. She is a respected leader in obstetrics and gynecology today. Shin-Ichiro Nishimura Sapporo, Japan Dr. Nishimura's work in polymer chemistry and glyco- biology holds promise for new treatments of diseases such as influenza and AIDS; the work has produced a flurry of publications-more than 100 in nine years-and remarkable professional recognition. Since taking his Ph.D. in 1987, he has risen to become professor and director of the Division of Biological Science in the graduate school at Hokkaido University, as well as an editor of scientific journals and a member of the advisory boards of several scientific associations.

Robert G. Robinson
Iowa City, Iowa
By identifying the depressive disorder associated with stroke, Dr. Robinson has made a crucial contribution not only to neurology and psychiatry, but also to the treatment and rehabilitation of patients who suffer from stroke. His work has also helped us understand the cerebral mechanism behind affective disorder and its role in the depression and mania symptomatic of that disorder. These contributions have made Dr. Robinson a leader in American psychiatry.

Kenji Sunagawa
Osaka, Japan
From the time Dr. Sunagawa began his postdoctoral work at the School of Medicine in 1978, he has been breaking new ground in cardiovascular research. Beginning with work he did here, which helped define the dynamic relationship between the left ventricle and its artery, he and his research team have recently developed crucial insights into cardiovascular control systems. A book he co-authored has become the standard reference for understanding the pressure-volume approach to ventricular function.

Noriko Takahashi
Handa-City, Japan
Dr. Takahashi has made two important contributions in the field of glycobiology, both of which help scientists analyze the structure of carbohydrates in glycoconjugates. She discovered glycoamidase, an enzyme which has become an indispensable tool for studying glycoproteins, and she developed new chromatic methods for carbohydrate analysis. Dr. Takahashi is also distinguished in the history of Japan: she was the first woman graduate of Nagoya University (1951) and the first woman in Japan to obtain an engineering degree.

John E. Wennberg
Hanover, New Hampshire
In studying the way physicians work, Dr. Wennberg invented the concept of "small area variation," which demonstrated for the first time, and in a scientifically rigorous way, that equally capable physicians in adjacent geographic areas practice medicine very differently. He developed the analytical methods needed to form the core of a new field: practice variation. Studies in this field point the way toward better clinical guidance for physicians and more consistent communication with patients about treatment options.

Anne B. Young
Boston, Massachusetts
From the molecule to the clinic, Dr. Young has taken up major questions in the field of neurology. She produced a body of research which elucidates the role of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in brain function, and has been a key clinical investigator of Huntington's disease, helping identify the genetic abnormality that appears to cause it. At Harvard, Dr. Young is considered an extraordinary chair of neurology, having guided both research and clinical activities to new levels of achievement.

1996

Dr. Hugh F. Biller
New York, New York
Dr. Biller is internationally known as a leader in head and neck surgery. He pioneered and developed surgical procedures focused on the preservation of vocal function while successfully treating malignant disease involving the larynx. He served as chairman of the Department of Otolaryn- gology at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City until 1995. He is past president of the American Society for Head and Neck Surgery.

Dr. Peter G.J. Burney
London, England
Dr. Burney's position as chairman of the Respiratory Disease Committee of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease places him in the front ranks of epidemiologists worldwide. He has played a major role in the education of public health physicians and is a widely acknowledged expert and leader in the fight against chronic respiratory diseases. Dr. Burney has served on many national and international working groups, committees, and councils dealing with asthma and related diseases. He is also chair of the Department of Public Health Medicine at United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St. Thomas Hospitals in London.

Dr. Roberto Casalbuoni
Fllorence, Italy
Dr. Casalbuoni is a leading researcher in the study of subatomic particles. He is chair of the Department of Physics at the University of Florence in Italy and has been published on a wide variety of topics related to the physics of elementary particles. Under his leadership, he and other theoretical physicists in Florence have developed a method of searching for new physical phenomena by analyzing data obtained when electrons and positrons collide at high energy levels.

Dr. C. Richard Conti
Gainesville, Florida
A leader in academic cardiology, Dr. Conti is a graduate of Johns Hopkins Medical School, the Osler Residency Program, and a Division of Cardiology fellow. He has had a distinguished career in research and training as director of cardiology at the University of Florida School of Medicine. His national status as a trailblazer in cardiology was recognized by his election to president of the American College of Cardiology in 1988.

Harold Gerard Donnelly
West Lafayette, Indiana
Dr. Donnelly is one of the world's pioneers in the basic linear equations associated with a Riemannian manifold, the heat equation and the wave equation. These equations have been studied for well over a century by physicists, engineers, and mathematicians looking for answers in acoustics, diffusion of heat, and the spectral analysis of light from a star. Dr. Donnelly has made breakthroughs in the analysis of the eigen- functions, introducing entirely new thoughts in the subject.

Dr. Thomas P. Duffy
New Haven, Connecticut
Dr. Duffy is one of the nation's leading academic hematologists and a renowned practitioner of the Oslerian school of patient-centered clinical care, teaching, and scholarship. His teaching and written scholarship have focused on the ways that doctors can learn directly from the patient to gain the insight needed both to understand the patient's problems and to offer the most appropriate intervention. This patient- centered approach has also led Dr. Duffy to write works that have enlightened the medical community's thinking about the many ethical issues that arise in the care of patients. Dr. Duffy has inspired a generation of students, house officers, and fellows to aspire to the highest ideals of the medical profession.

Dr. Linda S. Gottfredson
Newark, Delaware
Dr. Gottfredson, a professor of the Department of Educational Studies at the University of Delaware, is nationally known for her penetrating researches on vocational choice, the measurement of individual differences, and the bases of occupational stratification. Her 1981 treatise, "Circumscription and Compromise: A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations," became an instant classic and stimulus for new research for the light it shed on how and why individuals enter the careers they do.

Dr. Lazar J. Greenfield
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. Greenfield, chair of the Department of Surgery at University of Michigan, is clearly one of the leaders in American surgery. He was one of the last young cardiovascular surgeons trained at Hopkins by the famous Dr. Alfred Blalock. He has made many significant contributions in the field of cardiovascular surgery, perhaps most notably the development of the Greenfield vena caval filter. Prior to his position at Michigan, he was chairman of the Department of Surgery at the Medical College of Virginia for 13 years.

Dr. William H. Hartmann
Tampa, Florida
Dr. Hartmann is internationally recognized for his academic contributions in research, education, and service in pathology. As editor-in-chief of the Atlas of Tumor Pathology from 1975 to 1987, he established this series of volumes as the primary reference source throughout the world for the classification of tumors. Moreover, his own research, especially in thyroid and breast cancer, has had significant impact in the characterization of these tumors. As chair of pathology at Vander-bilt University from 1973 to 1987, he established his department as one of the leaders in the United States. He has served as executive vice president of the American Board of Pathology.

Dr. Fazle Hussain
Houston, Texas
Dr. Hussain is one of the world's leading experts in experimental fluid mechanics. He is particularly known for his extensive research and contributions in turbulent shear flows, jets, vortex dynamics, and related experimental methods. He has served as editor of several prominent journals and is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineering and the American Physical Society.

Dr. Kim Mo-Im
Seoul, Korea
Dr. Kim is the recipient of numerous national and international awards for her contributions to the field of nursing. She was elected to the Korean National Assembly from 1981 to 1985 and was instrumental in formulating legislation that enhanced the education and participation of nurses in health care in Korea. Internationally, Dr. Kim has served with the World Health Organization as a member of expert panels and advisory groups on nursing. Since 1994, she has been secretary-general of the Global Network of WHO Collaborating Centers for International Nursing and Midwifery Development.

Dr. Alexander H. Leighton
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Dr. Leighton is a pre-eminent American psychiatric epidemiologist and is internationally known for documenting community aspects of psychiatry. He initiated pioneering community studies in North America aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of mental illness in a normal population. His work led to numerous outstanding publications, including 15 books.

Dr. George L. Nemhauser
Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. Nemhauser is world-renowned in the field of mathematical operations research, particularly in the theory, advanced computational development, and applications of optimization. He served as president of the Mathematical Programming Society and the Operations Research Society of America. He has published widely in such diverse areas as antenna design, line balancing, capital budgeting, train scheduling, political dis-tricting, plant location and production planning.

Dr. David B. Thomas
Seattle, Washington
Dr. Thomas is a distinguished cancer epidemiologist and head of one of the leading programs in cancer epidemiology in the world. His research has focused on the risks of hormones and breast cancer, an issue of international importance because of the widespread use of hormones in oral contraceptives and for post-menopausal replacement therapy. Dr. Thomas has made broad contributions to our understanding of the causes of cancer in his role as director of the Cancer Surveillance System of western Washington, an innovative cancer registry that has been used for research and public health monitoring.

Dr. Lawrence L. Weed
Underhill, Vermont
Dr. Weed is known throughout the world as the originator of the problem-oriented medical record. His system has revolutionized the way medical information is recorded, stored, and transmitted, and has provided the foundation for the computerized medical record. His experience has spanned the spectrum from basic biomedical science at Yale to medical education in a community hospital in Bangor, Maine. He is currently professor emeritus at the University of Vermont, where he has been since 1964.

1995

Dr. Gabriel Alvarez
Madrid, Spain
Dr. Alvarez, professor in the Department of Theoretical Physics at the Universidad Complutense, is one of the brightest young scientists in Spain. In addition to contributions in quantum chemistry, mathematical physics and electron paramagnetic resonance, he has established a reputation in computer programming with his work on optical character recognition and the Spanish implementation of the NeXT operating system.

Dr. Frank C. Arnett, Jr.
Houston, Texas
Dr. Arnett is internationally recognized as a leader in the field of immunogenetics. His research of autoantibody responses in various rheumatic diseases has played a significant role in identifying immune response alleles in human chromosomes. Dr. Arnett is director of the Division of Rheumatology and a professor of internal medicine at the University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center.

Dr. Subhash Chandra Basu
Notre Dame, Indiana
Dr. Basu has pioneered study of the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates called gangliosides. These compounds accumulate in large quantity in certain diseases, such as Tay-Sachs', and are also involved in intercellular communication. The pathway of synthesis of the gangliosides, developed largely by Dr. Basu, is of major interest to researchers. He is chairman of the Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology Program and a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of Notre Dame.

Dr. Nicolaie D. Cristescu
Gainesville, Florida
Dr. Cristescu is a leading researcher in the fields of dynamic plasticity, rock mechanics, and metal forming. His 1967 book, Dynamic Plasticity, based on extensive theoretical analyses, helped established his international reputation. Dr. Cristescu served as president of the University of Bucharest from 1990 to 1992, and is a graduate research professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mechanics, and Engineering Science at the University of Florida.

Dr. Robert H. Fletcher
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. Fletcher, professor of ambulatory care and prevention at the Harvard Medical School and Harvard Community Health Plan, is internationally recognized for his contributions to primary care. From 1990 to 1993, he served as editor of the Annals of Internal Medicine, shaping the editorial policy during a time of rapid changes in medicine and primary care. Dr. Fletcher is the former president of the Society of General Internal Medicine.

Dr. Ruth Gallily
Jerusalem, Israel
Dr. Gallily, professor of immunology at The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem and The Lauten-berg