Commencement 2003

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Society of Scholars
1969-2003

2003

Bjorn Afzelius
Stockholm, Sweden
Dr. Afzelius has made seminal contributions to the understanding of the motility of sperm and cilia. A professor emeritus at Stockholm University, he has trained a large number of people in the use of electron microscopy for biomedical research. Dr. Afzelius has published 250 scientific papers and has written books on spermatology, cell biology, and biomedical electron microscopy.

Appiah Amirtharajah
Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. Amirtharajah is among a small group of the very best environmental engineers and practitioners in the field of potable water treatment and supply. Using innovative physical and chemical technologies, his work has improved the health of people throughout the world, across geographical and cultural boundaries. Over the past 25 years, Dr. Amirtharajah has been a mentor for his students and a valued colleague for others working to provide safe, reliable, and affordable water supplies.

Eric W. Fonkalsrud
Santa Monica, California
For decades, Dr. Fonkalsrud has been one of the outstanding leaders in pediatric surgery. During his 35-year tenure as chief of pediatric surgery at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Dr. Fonkalsrud developed an active clinical and research program in the management of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adults. He was among the developers of the ileoanal pouch procedure for patients with ulcerative colitis.

James D. Griffin
Boston, Massachusetts
Chair of the Department of Medical Oncology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dr. Griffin is internationally recognized for his research in the clinical and biologic aspects of hemotologic malignancies, or cancers of the blood cells. He was chosen to lead his department because of his vision and compassion; more than 100,000 patients visit his department's clinics each year. Dr. Griffin is a professor at Harvard Medical School.

Arthur P. Grollman
Stony Brook, New York
Dr. Grollman is director of the Zickler Laboratory of Chemical Biology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, where he explores the relationship between the structure of damaged DNA and the enzymes involved in repairing it. Dr. Grollman's studies have contributed to our understanding of the aging process and are used in developing cancer-fighting chemotherapeutic drugs. He is a professor of medicine, experimental medicine, and pharmacological sciences.

William G. Kaelin Jr.
Boston, Massachusetts
A Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, Dr. Kaelin works to discover why mutations of tumor-suppressing genes cause cancer. His work provides insight into the genetic factors that make people more likely to develop the disease, and he is developing innovative molecularly targeted cancer therapy. Dr. Kaelin is a professor in the Department of Medicine at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School.

Kenneth A. Krackow
Buffalo, New York
Dr. Krackow is the clinical director of the Buffalo General Hospital Department of Orthopaedics and well-known in his field as an innovator and teacher. In October 2001, he performed the first computer-assisted total knee replacement in North America, using a surgical navigation system he developed to assist surgeons locate exact points within the body.

Frederick Hamilton Linthicum Jr.
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Linthicum has helped millions of people affected by hearing loss and balance problems through his dedicated study of pathology in the human temporal bone, which contains the organs responsible for hearing and balance. His roles as teacher and mentor have further amplified his contributions to the field of otology. Dr. Linthicum is director of the Temporal Bone Histopathology Laboratory at the House Ear Institute in Los Angeles, where he has been an affiliate since 1957.

Kevin G. Rice
Iowa City, Iowa
As a National Institutes of Health postdoctoral fellow, Dr. Rice spent three years at Johns Hopkins studying the relationships between carbohydrates and carbohydrate-binding proteins. His work has become a highly respected classic in the field. Now a professor and division head of medicinal and natural products chemistry at the College of Pharmacy at the University of Iowa (his alma mater), Dr. Rice has trained many Ph.D.'s and postdoctoral fellows. In 2001, he earned the American Chemical Society's Horace S. Isbell Award, a coveted award bestowed only to scientists under 40 years old, for his development and application of targeted gene delivery systems, based on carbohydrate-recognition in biological systems.

Ira Michael Rutkow
Freehold, New Jersey
Dr. Rutkow is one of the world's eminent historians of surgery. His book American Surgery: An Illustrated History was named a Notable Book of the Year in 1994 by The New York Times Book Review. He is an internationally known teacher and founder of The Hernia Center, the nation's only private hernia hospital, where he uses techniques that reduce patient discomfort and speed recovery. Surgeons from all over the world visit the center to learn from Dr. Rutkow.

Terrence J. Sejnowski
La Jolla, California
A world leader in the field of computational neuroscience, Dr. Sejnowski did research at Johns Hopkins that laid the foundation for the field of neural network analysis. In 1982, he became an assistant professor of biophysics at Johns Hopkins, where he received the Presidential Young Investigator Award. Today, Dr. Sejnowski is director of the Institute for Neural Computation at the University of California, San Diego. He is also head of the Computational Neurobiology Laboratory at the Salk Institute.

Robert Skidelsky,
Lord Skidelsky of Tilton
East Sussex, England Lord Skidelsky is an economist and historian and author of the definitive biography of economist John Maynard Keynes. A professor of economics at the University of Warwick in England, he has also written extensively on several topics in 20th-century history, most recently on Russia and Eastern Europe after communism.

Leigh Thompson
Charleston, South Carolina
Dr. Thompson is one of the country's leading clinical pharmacologists. At Eli Lilly and Co., he led development of major new therapeutic entities including the first recombinant DNA product, human insulin. During his clinical training and faculty time at Johns Hopkins, he initiated the first intensive care unit and developed hydroxyethyl starch as a blood substitute.

Herbert F. Voigt
Boston, Massachusetts
A professor of biomedical engineering at Boston University, Dr. Voigt has contributed greatly to the understanding of the mechanics of human hearing. In recognition of his leadership in the field, he was elected president of the Biomedical Engineering Society in 1999 and was a co-recipient of the Biomedical Engineering Society's 2002 Presidential Award. Dr. Voigt also writes "Scientifically Speaking," a general interest science and technology column for the Milton Times, a community newspaper in Massachusetts.

Paul Kieran Whelton
New Orleans, Louisiana
Dr. Whelton spent most of his professional career at Johns Hopkins, rising through the ranks to become a professor of epidemiology and medicine. Throughout his career, he has made numerous contributions to our understanding of how to prevent heart disease, renal disease, and hypertension. Along with Dr. Leon Gordis, Dr. Whelton is credited with starting the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research at Johns Hopkins. Dr. Whelton is now senior vice president for Health Sciences at Tulane University and was previously dean of the Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine.

2002

Daniel J. Auerbach, senior manager and research staff member, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, Calif. At Hopkins: Assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, 1975 to 1978. Nominator: Paul J. Dagdigian, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences.
    Best known for his work on the dynamical aspects of atomic and molecular interactions with solid surfaces, Daniel Auerbach pioneered the application of molecular beam and laser techniques to surface science problems, opening up exciting new areas of study. His research has spanned a broad range of topics in atomic, molecular and optical physics; chemical physics; surface chemistry; and condensed matter physics. In addition to his scientific achievements, he has played an important management role at IBM, where he has been involved in developing programs in magnetic storage, microelectronics, displays and computation.

Robert M. Blizzard, chairman emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine; chief emeritus, Children's Medical Center, University of Virginia Medical Center; president, Genentech Foundation for Growth and Development, Charlottesville, Va.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Department of Pediatrics, 1955 to 1957; associate professor and professor, 1960 to 1973. Nominator: Michael A. Levine, School of Medicine.
    Robert Blizzard has made multiple significant contributions in the field of endocrinology. His careful and systematic clinical studies of patients with autoimmune endocrine diseases enabled him to propose a classification of polyglandular autoimmune diseases that is now internationally accepted. He has also elucidated the critical role that growth hormone plays in childhood, adolescence and aging. This work led to the controversial notion, now generally accepted, that growth hormone replacement is necessary throughout life.

Thomas A. Cebula, director, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Food and Drug Administration.
    At Hopkins: graduate student in the department of Biology, 1973 to 1977; postdoctoral fellow in the departments of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology (now Molecular Biology and Genetics), 1977 to 1978. Nominator: Maurice J. Bessman, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences.
    With a strong and broad base in biochemistry, microbiology, immunology and genetics, Thomas Cebula is one of those rare investigators who have made important contributions in basic as well as applied research. At the Food and Drug Administration, he has had a profound effect on public health issues by developing molecular methods for the detection of pathogens in the environment and in the food supply.

Leland W.K. Chung, John Kluge Distinguished Professor of Urology, Biochemistry, Hematology/Oncology and director of the Molecular Urology and Therapeutics Program, Emory University School of Medicine.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (now Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences) and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, 1969 to 1972. Nominator: Donald S. Coffey, School of Medicine.
    An outstanding international leader in the field of urological research, Leland Chung developed the first model of human prostate cancer metastasis. That has led to a new form of gene therapy for prostate cancer that now is in clinical trials and shows great promise. A professor at Emory University, he has won the Ben Rogers Award for Excellence in Research at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, the State of Georgia Distinguished Cancer Clinician and Scientist Award and the prestigious Wu Jieping Medical Science Award from the Chinese government.

John F. Ferguson, professor of civil engineering, University of Washington.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, 1970 to 1974. Nominator: Edward J. Bouwer, Whiting School of Engineering.
    In the field of water quality engineering, John Ferguson's research contributions span several areas, including microbial and chemical processes in anaerobic treatment and advanced biological treatment systems. His work on biological treatment processes for controlling hazardous wastes is providing treatment options that promise to reduce the risks to the public and the environment. In addition to conducting meritorious research, he is dedicated to teaching and working with students, many of whom will be among the next generation of exemplary environmental engineers.

Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, professor of aerospace and mechanical engineering, University of Notre Dame.
    At Hopkins: graduate student in the Department of Mechanics (now Mechanical Engineering), 1968 to 1972, and postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Mechanics and Materials Science (now Mechanical Engineering), 1973. Nominator: Andrea Prosperetti, Whiting School of Engineering.
    Winner of the Alexander von Humboldt Prize, Germany's highest prize for U.S. scientists and researchers, Mohamed Gad-el-Hak is well known for advancing several important and novel diagnostic tools for turbulent flows and for discovering the efficient mechanism by which a turbulent spot rapidly grows by destabilizing a surrounding laminar flow. He has also worked on many other important flow problems and in particular, most recently, in the new area of micro-fluid mechanics.

Ibrahim A. Gambari, undersecretary-general and special adviser on Africa, the United Nations Secretariat.
    At Hopkins: visiting professor, African Studies Program at SAIS, 1986 to 1989. Nominator: Gilbert M. Khadiagala, SAIS.
    In a long and distinguished career, Ibrahim Gambari has traveled widely and served with distinction as both a diplomat and a scholar. Prior to joining the U.N. Secretariat, he was Nigeria's longest serving ambassador/permanent representative to the United Nations. As a scholar, he has published a number of books on foreign policy-making, economics and African politics, including Theory and Reality in Foreign Policy Decision Making, which is an insightful account of his tenure as foreign minister of Nigeria. He has taught at SAIS, Georgetown and the Brookings Institution and is the founder of the Savannagh Centre for Diplomacy, a think tank in Nigeria devoted to analyzing and solving problems in Africa.

Melvin M. Grumbach, E.B. Shaw Professor of Pediatrics Emeritus, University of California, San Francisco.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, School of Medicine at the Harriet Lane Home, 1953 to 1955. Nominator: Michael A. Levine, School of Medicine.
    As a leader in research on the hormonal control of growth and maturation, Melvin Grumbach has studied the development and function of the human endocrine and neuroendocrine systems from fetal life through puberty. His current research is focused on deciphering gene mutations that affect the growth and maturation of bones as well as sexual development. He is also past president of the Endocrine Society, the American Pediatric Society and the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society.

Willa A. Hsueh, professor of medicine and chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 1973 to 1976. Nominator: Paul W. Ladenson, School of Medicine.
    Willa Hsueh directs a major research team investigating the impact of diabetes and other metabolic factors on the cardiovascular system. Her projects span the spectrum of translational research from bench to animal cage to bedside. She is highly respected and internationally recognized as having made important contributions to the understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. She is also an accomplished medical educator and mentors a number of junior faculty and fellows in clinical and bench research.

Gerald A. Klassen, emeritus professor, emeritus university vice president and emeritus department chair, Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, 1963 to 1965. Nominator: Kenneth Zierler, School of Medicine.
    A major figure in Canadian medicine, Gerald Klassen is a retired professor of medicine, chairman of the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and vice president for academic and research affairs at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia. A past president of the Canadian Society of Clinical Investigation, Klassen holds several patents on instruments for medical research and presides over a company he founded for their manufacture. He helped develop a method for studying regional myocardial mechanics in man, and he developed a laser Doppler method for studies in the beating heart, with which he found that a major determinant of myocardial blood flow is the folding of red blood cells by heart muscle cells.

Mark A. Klebanoff, director, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institutes of Health.
    At Hopkins: M.P.H. student, 1982 to 1983; taught reproductive epidemiology in the Department of Population Dynamics, 1985 to 1997; currently part-time faculty in the Department of Population and Family Health Sciences. Nominators: Bernard Guyer and Ronald Gray, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
    In work that is widely cited and which has had important implications on national policy, Mark Klebanoff has conducted epidemiologic research in maternal and child health, demonstrating that a woman's own birth weight and gestational age affect the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth in her offspring. He is also noted for his contributions to several randomized trials on the prevention of preeclampsia and effects of the control of infection during pregnancy on preterm delivery and low birth weight. Klebanoff has worked for the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development since 1987 and in 1999 was named the director of the NICHD's Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research.

Giovanni Romeo, professor of medical genetics, University of Bologna Medical School.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, 1968 to 1971. Nominator: Victor A. McKusick, School of Medicine.
    Giovanni Romeo's research has been wide-ranging in the study of human genetics and genetic disorders with almost 300 publications. He has organized a short course in medical genetics that is the European equivalent of the Bar Harbor Course of Johns Hopkins and The Jackson Laboratory. At the University of Bologna, he is developing an institute of genetic medicine to advance the fields of genetics and genomics in Italy. A collaboration with the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Hopkins promises to forge another relationship of Johns Hopkins with Bologna.

Larry A. Sargent, chairman, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tennessee.
    At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow in general surgery, 1977 to 1979, and plastic surgery, 1980 to 1983. Nominator: Paul N. Manson, School of Medicine.
    Larry Sargent has distinguished himself as an educator, surgeon and mentor and is one of the most prominent program directors and craniofacial surgeons in the nation. While he was a resident in plastic surgery, the technical superiority of his facial fracture repair results became known, and some of the original work on complex facial fracture injury repair, orbital reconstruction and nasoethmoid repair was written. He is founder and director of the nationally recognized Tennessee Craniofacial Center, which is one of the best known in the country for the excellence of its results. His skill as a surgeon and the technical excellence of his results are acknowledged universally among plastic surgeons and serve as a standard for his profession. He has also been active in the design of new equipment and techniques that benefit the entire community.

Barry Shane, professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley.
    At Hopkins: assistant and associate professor, Department of Biochemistry (now Biochemistry and Molecular Biology), 1977 to 1985. Nominator: Roger McMacken, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
    Barry Shane is internationally recognized for his groundbreaking research on folic acid and other water-soluble vitamins. He and his research group have cloned many of the human genes encoding the key enzymes in the regulation of folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism and have identified influences in these genes that affect the risk of vascular disease, cancer and birth defects. He has collaborated extensively with epidemiologists to evaluate the public health implications of his findings. Shane is a recipient of the Mead Johnson Award from the American Institute of Nutrition.

Lynne S. Wilcox, director, Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Center for Disease Control
    At Hopkins: M.P.H. program and postdoctoral fellowship in Maternal and Child Health (now Population and Family Health Sciences), 1986 to 1988. Nominator: Donna M. Strobino, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
    Lynne Wilcox's research has focused on several women's reproductive health concerns, including the effects of tubal sterilization on the health of women and the population variations in hysterectomy rates. While she has made many contributions, she is best known for her work on the effect of assisted reproductive technology on pregnancy and multiple birth risk. This work has greatly contributed to understanding the magnitude of the technology's effect on multiple births and, in turn, the rate of low-weight births in the country.

2001

Gordon Leslie Ada, visiting fellow, Division of Immunology and Cell Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University.
   At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 1988-91. Nominated by Noel R. Rose, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
   One of the world's most distinguished virologists and immunologists, Gordon Ada did landmark research on the localization of antigen during the early stages of the immune response. Under his leadership, the Department of Microbiology at the John Curtin School in Canberra, Australia, became an international center for the study of the immune response to viral infections, work for which colleagues of his received a Nobel Prize. Ada also has been a leader in the development of vaccines worldwide. While at Johns Hopkins, he served as director of the Center for AIDS Research.

Theodore A. Bickart, retired president, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colo.
   At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Electrical Engineering (now Electrical and Computer Engineering), 1960-61. Nominated by C.R. Westgate, Whiting School of Engineering.
   Fourteenth president of the Colorado School of Mines and former dean of engineering at Syracuse and Michigan State universities, Theodore Bickart achieved national prominence as a leader in engineering education. He was the driving force behind a new accreditation process that has impacted engineering programs worldwide.

Ron F. Blackwelder, professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Southern California.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Mechanics (now the Department of Mechanical Engineering), May to September 1970. Nominated by Andrea Prosperetti, Whiting School of Engineering.
    Ron Blackwelder has made seminal contributions in the areas of turbulence, flow stability, drag reduction and instrumentation, and his contribution to particle image velocimetry was instrumental in placing this technique at the forefront of contemporary experimental fluid mechanics. In addition, Blackwelder has played an active role in practical aspects of aerodynamics, including the relationship between the flow ingested by aircraft engines and their performance.

Linda R. Gooding, professor of microbiology and immunology, Emory University School of Medicine.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Biology, 1972-74. Nominated by Michael Eddin, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences.
    Linda Gooding has made important contributions in understanding the immune response to viruses and was the first to show how virus antigens are presented to immune effector cells. Her work has provided key insights into the cell biology of immune responses and assists with the treatment of virus infection and the use of small DNA viruses for gene therapy.

Robert J. Gould, vice president, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pa.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Neuroscience, 1981-84. Nominated by Solomon H. Snyder, School of Medicine.
    As vice president of pharmacology at the Merck Research Laboratories, Robert Gould has played an important role in developing a major new anti-clotting drug, Aggrastat, which has already decreased the incidence of heart attack and death in patients with coronary artery disease. He is regarded as one of the top cardiovascular research directors in the pharmaceutical industry.

Michael A. Hayes, professor of mathematical physics in the Department of Mathematical Physics, University College Dublin.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Mechanics Department (now the Department of Mechanical Engineering), 1961-62. Nominated by Marc Parlange, Whiting School of Engineering.
    A professor in the Department of Mathematical Physics at University College Dublin, Michael Hayes has done pioneering work in all areas of mechanics. In particular, his work on wave propagation in materials, deformation of materials and fluid mechanics has had implications for virtually all branches of engineering and applied mathematics.

Haig H. Kazazian Jr., Seymour Gray Professor of Molecular Medicine in Genetics and chairman, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow, 1964-66; JHH house staff, 1968-69. Nominated by Barbara R. Migeon, School of Medicine.
    Chairman of the Department of Genetics at the University of Pennsylvania, Haig Kazazian is an outstanding medical geneticist, teacher and creative experimentalist who has contributed extensively to our knowledge of the molecular basis of human genetic disease.

Herbert Lepor, professor and Martin Spatz Chairman of Urology, New York University School of Medicine.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Urology, 1981-85. Nominated by Patrick C. Walsh, School of Medicine.
    Herbert Lepor is a pioneer in the development of medical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. His contributions include characterization of alpha receptors in the smooth muscle of the prostate and development of clinical trials that demonstrated the superiority of alpha-blockers over the other common form of medical management. At age 37, he was named chairman of Urology at New York University, where he has developed one of the finest academic urology programs in the nation.

David M. Ozonoff, professor and chair, Boston University School of Public Health.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of International Health, 1968. Nominated by John D. Groopman, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
    David Ozonoff, chair of the Department of Environmental Health at the Boston University School of Public Health, has been internationally recognized for his pioneering work in studying health risks to communities from exposures to toxic chemicals. This work is a model for communities faced with the consequences of hazardous waste contamination.

Peter Safar, Distinguished Professor of Resuscitation Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Anesthesiology, 1954-61. Nominated by Roger A. Johns, School of Medicine.
    A native of Vienna, Austria, Peter Safar spent many years in Baltimore at Johns Hopkins and Baltimore City Hospitals. It was during those years that his work on cardiopulmonary resuscitation developed into the life-saving techniques commonly referred to as CPR. His long and illustrious career has seen him establish three academic anesthesiology departments and make countless contributions to emergency medicine and helping save people's lives following cardiac arrest.

Konrad Sandhoff, professor and director, Department of Biochemistry, Kekule-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Biology, 1972-74. Nominated by Saul Roseman, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences.
    In the field of lysosomal storage diseases, one of which bears his name, Konrad Sandhoff has clearly established himself as the preeminent leader in the field. His laboratory has played a principal role in elucidating the pathways of synthesis and degradation of these compounds, which permits identifying the genetic defect at the molecular level. His work has very important clinical implications.

George Scangos, president and chief executive officer, Exelixis Inc., South San Francisco.
    At Hopkins: Assistant professor, 1980-86, and associate professor, July to December 1986, in the Department of Biology. Nominated by Victor Corces, Eaton E. Lattman and E.N. Moudrianakis, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, and Thomas J. Kelly Jr., School of Medicine.
    George Scangos was one of a team of three scientists to generate the first transgenic mouse. This breakthrough and the applications of it, as pioneered by Scangos over several years, paved the way for the current developments in molecular diagnostics, gene therapy and the development of protein drugs and other pharmaceuticals. He has made major contributions in basic science as well as in applied biotechnology and is currently president and CEO of a groundbreaking biotech company, Exelixis.

Mark Schiffman, chief, Interdisciplinary Studies Section, Environmental Epidemiology Branch. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Epidemiology, 1983-84. Nominated by Keerti V. Shah and Kenrad E. Nelson, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
    Mark Schiffman has made major contributions in the field of human papillomaviruses, or HPV, and cancer of the cervix. He played a key role in establishing the link between the HPV infection and cervical cancer and now heads an effort to evaluate a candidate vaccine for the prevention of cervical neoplasia.

Huntington Sheldon, retired Strathcona Professor of Pathology, McGill University.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Pathology, 1956-59. Nominated by Richard S. Ross, School of Medicine.
    As professor of pathology at McGill University for many years, Huntington Sheldon is known for his innovative research, which combined electron microscopy and histochemistry and that led to the discovery of extracellular localization of alkaline phosphatase. At McGill, he also was well known as a teacher, and his autopsy conference was very popular with medical students. Sheldon published widely, including a textbook of pathology for health professionals that is in its 12th edition.

Vernon T. Tolo, chairman, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles.
    At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1971-75. Nominated by F.J. Frassica, School of Medicine.
    As chairman of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the Children's Hospital in Los Angeles, Vernon Tolo has made major contributions to pediatric orthopedic spine surgery, pediatric skeletal trauma and professional development. His work on spinal stenosis in achondroplasia, and other spinal problems, has made treatment safer and more effective. He has built an outstanding academic department whose work has advanced the fields of trauma treatment, cerebral palsy and children's bone tumors.

The following two scholars who were inducted in absentia in 2000 (see 2000 listing) also will participate in the ceremony.
Tom Ryan DeMeester, professor of general and cardiothoracic surgery and chairman of the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine.
Wolfgang Kollmann, professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Davis.

2000

James G. Brasseur, professor of mechanical engineering and bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University.
At Hopkins: postdoctoral fellow, Department of Chemical Engineering, 1983-85. Nominated by Daniel Q. Naiman.
   As a professor of engineering and bioengineering, James Brasseur has achieved an international reputation for excellence in two disparate areas of research: turbulence physics and the physiology and mechanics of the gastrointestinal tract. His work on turbulence has been recognized by many, including the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at Cambridge University. He is an engineer whose research into the motility of the pharynx, upper sphincter, esophagus and stomach is well-known in the medical community.

Tom R. Ryan DeMeester, professor of general and cardiothoracic surgery and chairman of the Department of Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral research fellow in transplantation biology, 1967-68. Nominated by John L. Cameron.
   Tom DeMeester has made more contributions to the understanding of the pathophysiology of esophageal disease and the diagnosis and treatment of both benign and malignant esophageal diseases than any other surgeon in the world. An expert on gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's adenocarcinoma, DeMeester has been in the forefront of a small group of individuals who have contributed both clinical and laboratory information concerning the evolution of Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's adenocarcinoma.

Malcolm Paul Weston Godfrey, retired chairman of the United Medical and Dental Schools Council, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and Medical Schools (now Wing's College), London.
At Hopkins: Fellow in medicine, 1957-59. Nominated by Richard S. Ross.
   Malcolm Paul Weston Godfrey has had a distinguished career in the United Kingdom, serving in a number of high-level positions administering health care and research. He served as dean of the Royal Postgraduate Medical School at the University of London and also became chair of the Council of Governors of United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals. Throughout his career he has been interested in the development of the National Health Service and the partnership between service and medical and dental teaching and research, and he has contributed to the evolution of the Health Service and to the integration of academic medicine with that organization.

David Karzon, emeritus professor of pediatrics, microbiology and immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in virology, Department of Medicine, 1948-50. Nominated by Noel R. Rose.
   David Karzon achieved widespread fame for his seminal studies on the Newcastle disease virus in chickens and the canine distemper virus. He worked on safely introducing the polio vaccine and was one of the first to identify so-called orphan viruses known as the ECHO group. He remains a national authority on viral immunology and vaccinology and is often consulted on issues of vaccine safety.

David W. Kennedy, professor and chairman, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center.
At Hopkins: Assistant resident in surgery, assistant resident in otolaryngology and chief resident in otolaryngology, 1973-78. Nominated by Charles W. Cummings.
   David Kennedy is regarded as the premiere rhinologist in the United States today. His surgical talents are internationally recognized and, as head of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania, he has led that department to the top echelon of academic medical centers.

Wolfgang Kollmann, professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Davis.
At Hopkins: Fellow in the Department of Mechanics and Materials Science, 1973-75. Nominated by Marc Parlange and Charles Meneveau.
   Recognized as a world leader in the study of turbulence, turbulent combustion and numerical simulation of turbulent flows, Wolfgang Kollmann has over the past 25 years advanced the state of the art in the solution of important engineering problems associated with complex flows. His work is used by leading government and private laboratories and is taught today in advanced graduate courses in universities worldwide.

Louis Lasagna, dean of the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences; dean for scientific affairs, School of Medicine; professor of psychiatry (clinical pharmacology); professor of pharmacology; chairman of the board and adjunct scholar, Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, Tufts University.
At Hopkins: Assistant and instructor in the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, 1950-52. Nominated by Reubin Andres.
   Louis Lasagna is generally acknowledged as the father of clinical pharmacology. His 1954 paper on the placebo response was selected by the editors of The Lancet as one of the landmark papers of the 20th-century in the canon of Western medicine. Another paper written early in his career, on the controlled clinical trial, also has become a classic. His remarkable career has delved deeply into areas of clinical trial methodology, analgesics and hypnotics as well as the placebo effect, and his work has made major contributions to medical education.

Bennie I. Osburn, dean of the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis.
At Hopkins: Special research fellow in ophthalmology, 1968-70. Nominated by Arthur M. Silverstein.
   With the publication of more than 260 scientific publications since his time at Hopkins, Bennie Osburn has made many significant contributions to both veterinary and human pathology and medicine, especially in the pathogenesis of viral diseases, in the comparative pathology in infection and the immune response. His work on veterinary pathology and veterinary immunology has earned him an international reputation. He also has had a distinguished career in administration, serving as dean of the Davis School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California since 1996.

Hanna Reisler, professor of chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California.
At Hopkins: IAEA research fellow, Chemistry Department, 1972-74. Nominated by Paul J. Dagdigian.
   Hanna Reisler's seminal contributions are in the area of photo-initiated reaction dynamics of small molecules in the gas phase. Her approach of devising novel and incisive experiments to examine fundamental concepts that can be modeled by high-level theoretical treatments has had a major impact on the field of molecular photodissociation dynamics. Her work on quantum state resolved unimolecular decomposition dynamics has provided data for rigorous tests of statistical theories under conditions where the initial state and excess energy are well-defined. In influential work, she has tied together molecular quantum fluctuation phenomena and statistical theories by establishing the fundamental relationship between molecular interferences and the random fluctuations observed in nuclear reactions.

Harry Schachter, professor, Department of Biochemistry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Biology, 1966-68. Nominated by Saul Roseman.
   Harry Schachter has made trail-blazing contributions in the field of glycobiology, one of the most difficult fields of modern biochemistry and cell biology. His work looks at the complex relationships of the carbohydrates and proteins that coat cell surfaces and allow living cells to recognize and communicate with one another.

Zohair Ahmed Sebai, chairman, Arab Development Institute, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
At Hopkins: Doctorate, School of Public Health, 1969. Nominated by Haroutune K. Armenian.
   Zohair Ahmed Sebai has made extraordinary contributions to the development of modern, effective public health programs in Saudi Arabia. His efforts were critical to the establishment of departments of community medicine and to adoption of nontraditional approaches to medical education. As a leading public health official, he effectively used the mass media to educate the public on public health issues, and he has helped shape public health policy at the highest levels of his government.

Craig Robert Smith, president and chief executive officer of Guilford Pharmaceuticals, Baltimore.
At Hopkins: Fellow in internal medicine, 1972-75. Nominated by Michael J. Klag.
   After completing his medical training at Hopkins, Craig Smith served as assistant chief of the Osler Medical Service and subsequently was chief of the Division of General Internal Medicine. As co-founder and director of Guilford Pharmaceuticals, Smith has helped guide the company in researching and developing a number of important new medical treatments for life-threatening diseases, advancing medical science and building Guilford Pharmaceuticals into a 200-employee business with $300 million in market capitalization.

Ronald E. Smith, Warren Professor and director of the Estelle Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California School of Medicine.
At Hopkins: Intern, School of Medicine; resident and chief resident, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, 1967-73. Nominated by Morton F. Goldberg.
   Ronald Smith's numerous contributions to our understanding of ocular inflammation have made him a clinician and scientist of international repute in the field of ophthalmology. His expertise extends to the medical and surgical management of corneal and external diseases of the eyes. He has been an important educator and proven leader in American ophthalmology, having served as president of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and chairman of the American Board of Ophthalmology.

Hiroshi Tomoda, director of the Institute for Biological Function, the Kitasato Institute, Tokyo.
At Hopkins: Postdoctoral fellow, Department of Biology and the Kennedy Institute, 1987-89. Nominated by Yuan C. Lee.
   Hiroshi Tomoda's lifelong passion for isolating biomedically useful microbial products has led him to discover compounds that promise to open new horizons in solving problems of arteriosclerosis and even HIV infection, as well as compounds that are effective in lowering cholesterol levels. Holder of more than 20 patents on compounds, Tomoda not only has produced practical products but provided insights into understanding enzyme mechanisms.

Sharon Anne Whelan Weiss, professor and vice chair of the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital.
At Hopkins: Intern, resident and chief resident, 1971-75. Nominated by Fred Sanfilippo.
   Sharon Anne Whelan Weiss is a leading authority in the field of surgical pathology. As an investigator and diagnostic pathologist, she has helped define the pathologic characteristics of numerous diseases, especially soft tissue tumors, and is widely sought for her diagnostic expertise. Weiss also is a noted educator and academic leader, having served on the editorial boards of the American Journal of Surgical Pathology and the Journal of Clinical Pathology and as president of the U.S.-Canadian Academy of Pathology.

1999

Kenneth I. Berns, interim vice president for health affairs and dean of the College of Medicine, University of Florida; postdoctoral experience, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (formerly Department of Microbiology), School of Medicine, 1966-67; nominated by Thomas J. Kelly Jr.
   Kenneth Berns has devoted most of his scientific research career to the study of the molecular basis of replication of the human parvovirus, adeno-associated virus. He has been a major contributor to our knowledge concerning the ability of AAV to establish latent infections in human cells and to be reactivated by adenovirus infection. His work was instrumental in providing the basis for the current interest in the use of this virus as a vector for gene therapy. He has served as president of the American Society for Virology and the American Society of Microbiology and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

George A. Bray, executive director and professor, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, La.; postdoctoral experience, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, 1957-58; nominated by Simeon Margolis.
   George Bray's interest in obesity began with a question about the biological basis for inherited obesity. Using as models genetically obese mice and rats available when he was a fellow and faculty member at Tufts, he began a series of animal studies that have continued for 35 years. He has examined the effects of food restriction, dietary composition, insulin resistance and the administration of thyroid hormone, cholecystokinin and various anorectic drugs in rats obese due to genetic factors or hypothalamic lesions. His laboratory studies have also shown that dietary fat intake can be selectively regulated either by a pancreatic peptide (enterostatin) or by serotonin release in the brain. The results of these studies have provided an understanding that one important cause of obesity is defects in the feedback system that regulates food intake. He then used the insights gained from these animal experiments to study patients with obesity in the clinic. Findings regarding the role of monoamines in controlling food intake have contributed to his studies on the role of drugs that modulate neurotransmitters as possible treatments for obesity. He is the lead author on the multicenter study of subutramine, a drug that has just been approved for the treatment of obesity in the United States.

Robert M. Chanock, chief of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; postdoctoral experience, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, 1956-57; nominated by Diane E. Griffin.
   Robert Chanock has had a career committed to the discovery of the etiology of many respiratory diseases and to developing vaccines for virus diseases of children and adults. He was responsible for the initial isolations of many respiratory viruses, e.g., respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, corona viruses and a number of strains of rhinovirus. He also was the first to isolate and characterize a new type of infectious agent, mycoplasma. He defined most of what we know about the virologic and epidemiologic characteristics and the clinical spectrum of these infections. As chief of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases at the NIAID, he currently leads the largest U.S. program for developing new vaccines for important virus diseases of humans. He has trained many of the leaders in human virology. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1973.

Michael J. Dunn, professor of medicine, dean and executive vice president, Medical College of Wisconsin; postdoctoral experience, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, 1962-65; nominated by W. Gordon Walker.
   Michael Dunn's early classic description of experimental magnesium depletion in the human and subsequent studies of erythrocyte ion transport that clarified previously disparate views of sodium transport across the red blood cell membrane are recognized as outstanding research contributions. His most significant and sustained research on the role of prostaglandins in modulating renal function has provided new insights into the endocrine regulation of kidney function in health and disease. His studies of the renal toxicity of widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents have provided both clinical guidance and new insights into the basic physiology of the renal circulation.

Gerald A.M. Finerman, chairman, Department of Orthopaedics, University of California-Los Angeles; postdoctoral experience, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, 1966-69; nominated by John P. Kostuik.
   Gerald Finerman received his medical degree at Johns Hopkins and following his residency here was appointed an assistant professor in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Johns Hopkins. With Lee Riley Jr., he initiated the total hip service at Johns Hopkins. At UCLA, which he joined in 1971, he specializes in sports medicine joint replacement. He has been in charge of the sports medicine program for the Department of Intercollegiate Athletics and was chief medical officer for the UCLA village in the 1984 Olympic games. He recently was awarded a large grant from NIH to evaluate kinematics of the cruciate ligaments of the knee.

Mark T. Keating, professor of medicine and of human genetics and HHMI investigator, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah; postdoctoral experience, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, 1980-83; nominated by Victor A. McKusick.
   Mark Keating, who did his residency training on the Osler Medical Service of The Johns Hopkins Hospital, is a pioneer in molecular cardiology. Starting in 1991 and using methods of map-based gene discovery, he and his colleagues at the University of Utah characterized the genes mutant in four forms of the long QT syndrome, a cause of cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. In 1993, he and his students showed that the gene for elastin is mutated or deleted in cases of the aortic malformation called supravalvar aortic stenosis. They went on to show that the elastin gene and neighboring genes are deleted in about 90 percent of patients with Williams syndrome, a developmental abnormality that has supravalvar aortic stenosis as one feature. Thus, the studies of Keating demonstrated that elastin is essential to arterial morphogenesis. His studies of the several forms of long QT syndrome revealed new information about the function of potassium ion channels in the heart and provided DNA diagnosis in family members at risk for sudden death.

David T. Kelly, Scandrett Professor of Cardiology and director, Hallstrom Institute of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; postdoctoral experience, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 1969-76; nominated by Richard S. Ross.
   David Kelly received medical and cardiology training in New Zealand and held junior faculty posts in London and Cape Town before coming in 1969 to Johns Hopkins, where he was served on the faculty until 1976. While at Hopkins, Kelly was involved in the development of radio nucleotide imaging of the heart. When he returned to Australia, he established the Department of Nuclear Medicine at the University of Sydney. He has been a pioneer in cardiovascular pharmacology and in the use of vasodilators in myocardial infarction. More recently, his interests have been directed toward the epidemiology of coronary disease, and he was invited to give the Paul Dudley White International Lecture at the 1996 Annual Scientific Session of the American Heart Association. Kelly has been president of the International Society and the Federation of Cardiology and will be president of the 14th World Congress of Cardiology, to be held in Sydney in the year 2002.

Jon C. Liebman, professor emeritus, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; postdoctoral experience, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering (formerly Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences), School of Engineering, 1965-72; nominated by Charles ReVelle and M. Gordon Wolman.
   Jon Liebman began his academic career on the faculty at Hopkins, where he established one of the nation's first research programs in environmental systems engineering and provided the university's first course in scientific computing. At the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, he headed the Civil Engineering Department, one of the largest in the country. Liebman's pioneering research has been in the area of environmental systems analysis, a field that blends the tools of operations research with the practical problems of environmental management. In particular, he has done path-breaking research in applications of mathematical modeling and optimization to the regional management of water quality; his seminal dynamic programming work led to extensive follow-on research on this important problem. He established the nation's first research program that focused on optimal methods for solid waste management. With his students, he studies the complex mathematical problems associated with collection, routing, transfer station siting and landfill siting in order to determine cost-efficient regional solid waste-disposal systems. He has also published extensively on optimal sewer system design and on the design of water distribution systems.

Paul Meier, Howard Levene Professor, Department of Statistics, Columbia University; postdoctoral experience, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 1952-57; nominated by Scott Zeger.
   In 1958, Paul Meier published with E.L. Kaplan a paper in the Journal of the American Statistical Association titled "Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations" that introduced the now famous Kaplan-Meier estimate of the survival function, which populates every major medical and public health journal throughout the world. With the Cox proportional hazards model, the Kaplan-Meier estimate of a survival function is perhaps the most commonly used statistical method in clinical research. Meier had started this seminal work as a graduate student at Princeton and completed it as a faculty member in the Hopkins Department of Biostatistics. With this single paper, Meier established himself as the leading biostatistician of his day. He went on to a distinguished career, serving for more than 30 years as professor of statistics at the University of Chicago, during which time he became the leading American expert in the design, conduct and analysis of data from clinical trials.

Nicholas Muzyczka, professor, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida Health Science Center; postdoctoral experience, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (formerly Department of Microbiology), School of Medicine, 1974-77; nominated by Maurice J. Bessman.
   Nicholas Muzyczka's doctoral thesis from the Hopkins Department of Biology on bacterial viruses was seminal to our understanding of the biochemical basis of spontaneous mutations. Later, as a postdoctoral fellow in Daniel Nathan's laboratory, Muzyczka began his work with animal viruses that has made him a leader in the area of gene therapy, using adeno-associated virus as the vector for replacing defective genes. His fundamental studies on viral replication have been instrumental in advancing the technology of gene replacement in the treatment of human disease.

Carol Wolf Runyan, professor, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, and director, University of North Carolina Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; postdoctoral experience, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, 1985-86; nominated by Susan P. Baker.
   Carol Runyan's achievements and leadership in injury control have placed her at the forefront of this critical field. Shortly after completing her postdoctoral fellowship in epidemiology at the School of Public Health, she was appointed associate director and then director of the Injury Prevention Research Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Runyan's seminal research on adolescent and occupational injuries was accomplished during a period when both areas lacked good epidemiological work. Her papers on injuries to women have called attention to the underrecognized fact that injuries are the major cause of death among women for the first several decades of life. Her research is now making important contributions to the problem of violence against women.

Olive Shisana, executive director, Family and Health Services, World Health Organization; postdoctoral experience, Department of Health Policy and Management (formerly Department of Behavior Sciences), School of Public Health, 1981-84; nominated by David D. Celentano and Richard Morrow Jr.
   Olive Shisana, who in the mid-1970s fled South Africa because of anticipated arrest for her active anti-apartheid activities, has led the extraordinary transformation of that country's apartheid separate and unequal hospital-based health systems through to an integrated, equitable district-based primary health care-oriented system. After obtaining a master's degree from Loyola College in Baltimore and a ScD from the Department of Behavioral Sciences at Johns Hopkins, she joined the Department of Human Services, District of Columbia, where, from 1986 to 1991, she served as chief statistical adviser and then chief of research and statistics.
   With the revolutionary political shifts in South Africa that would allow her expertise to be put to good use in rebuilding her homeland, she returned in 1991 to join the South African Medical Research Council.
   While with the MRC she was seconded to the University of the Western Cape to develop in parallel with the University of the Transvaal the first school of public health in South Africa. She became technical adviser to the African National Congress on Provincial Restructuring of the Administrations, Civil Service Restructuring and Affirmative Action and was instrumental in radically redrawing boundaries for the provinces and districts, which was fundamental to the drive for equitable social services. When the new Government of National Unity took over, she was appointed director general of the South African Department of Health in 1995, carrying through the full transformation of the previously inequitable, highly fractionated, racially structured health system in the face of unrelenting opposition by the incumbent members of the previous health establishment. Largely because of her courageous and compelling management of the health system of South Africa, she was one of the first people selected by Gro Brundtland, the new director-general of the World Health Organization, to join her inner cabinet, as executive director of Family and Health Services.

David B. Skinner, president and CEO, the New York Presbyterian Hospital and New York Presbyterian Healthcare System; postdoctoral experience, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, 1968-72; nominated by John L. Cameron.
   David Skinner is a general thoracic surgeon whose first faculty appointment was in 1968 as an assistant professor in the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, where he later was promoted to professor. His major interests were esophageal surgery, pulmonary surgery and support of the failing heart. He left Hopkins after five years to become the Dallas B. Phemister Professor of Surgery and chairman of the department at the University of Chicago. When he became president of New York Hospital in 1987, he was recognized as one of the outstanding esophageal surgeons in the world. Under his leadership, New York Hospital has gone from losing a million dollars a week to being a very successful institution, which recently combined with Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, with Skinner as the CEO of the combined New York Presbyterian Hospital and New York Presbyterian Healthcare System.

Eric Jeffrey Topol, chairman, Department of Cardiology, and director, Joseph J. Jacob Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation; postdoctoral experience, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 1982-85; nominated by Kenneth L. Baughman.
   While a fellow at Hopkins, Eric Topol made original observations on the influence of bypass graft surgery on stunned myocardium and the early use of thrombolytic agents. Following his fellowship, Topol was recruited by the University of Michigan School of Medicine, where he rose to the rank of professor in 1991 and was the director of the cardiac catheterization laboratory. He was subsequently appointed chairman of the Department of Cardiology at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, where he also directs the Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. He has organized a worldwide network of cardiovascular investigators who have completed a multitude of randomized, prospective placebo-controlled trials, which have dramatically forwarded our knowledge of evidence-based cardiology. In the area of cardiovascular diseases, Topol has authored or co-authored 528 original manuscripts, 15 books, 99 book chapters, 40 letters to the editor, 406 abstracts and 54 non-peer review articles.

Gayle Woodson, professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tennessee; postdoctoral experience, Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, 1976-78; nominated by Charles W. Cummings.
   Gayle Woodson attended medical school at Baylor and did her surgical internship and first year of resident surgical training at Hopkins, prior to returning to Baylor in the otolaryngological head and neck surgical training program. She completed a fellowship in laryngeal physiology at the Institute of Laryngology and Otology in London and became certified by both the Royal College of Surgeons of Canada and the American Board of Otolaryngology. She served on the medical faculties of Baylor College and the University of California at San Diego before moving to the University of Tennessee. Woodson serves as a director of the American Board of Otolaryngology and is on the residency review committee for otolaryngology. She is currently president of the Society of University Otolaryngologists and the Advisory Council for Otolaryngology for the American College of Surgeons. Woodson serves on four editorial boards of peer-reviewed journals and has authored 85 publications and book chapters.

1998

J. Carl Barrett
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Dr. Barrett's research is centered on the relationship between aging and cancer, the genes involved in cellular senescence and apoptosis, the role of BRCA-1 as a tumor suppressor gene, and the function of KAI-1, a newly cloned prostate cancer metastasis suppressor gene. A chairperson, organizer, or keynote speaker at numerous professional conferences and symposia, he is the scientific director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, associate editor of Cancer Research, and editor-in-chief of Molecular Carcinogenesis.

Harvey W. Bender Jr.
Nashville, Tennessee
Dr. Bender's skills as an outstanding pediatric cardiac surgeon earned him wide recognition during his 11 years at Hopkins and his present tenure at Vanderbilt University, where he is professor of surgery and chairman of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery. He is a noted expert on all pediatric cardiac anomalies, and he is particularly well-known for his surgical skills in managing complete transposition of the great vessels.

Tibor Borsos
Chevy Chase, Maryland
Dr. Borsos' career can be divided into three major areas: research related to the role of Rous sarcoma virus in the pathogenesis of cancer; a lifelong interest in complement and complement-mediated lysis; and pioneering investigations on the immunology of tumors, studies that led to the first clinical trial of BCG in the treatment of bladder cancer. He spent most of his career at the National Cancer Institute. At the time of his retirement in 1988, he was chief of the Laboratory of Immuno-biology. Until 1994, he served as research professor of pathology at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.

Lonnie S. Burnett
Nashville, Tennessee
Dr. Burnett is well-recognized for his contributions in gynecological oncology. He is beloved at Johns Hopkins as a major force in the School of Medicine's alumni organization and especially in launching the Howard Kelly Society for the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. As a gynecologic oncologist, he has published extensively on the use of chemotherapeutic agents for ovarian cancer and is the co-author of the 11th edition of the textbook Novak's Gynecology, which originated at Johns Hopkins. Dr. Burnett has received numerous awards, including the H. Graham Wait Jr. Memorial President's Award in recognition of outstanding research and education contributions in the field of gynecology/ obstetrics.

Lanny Garth Close
New York, New York
Dr. Close is a leader in academic otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. After serving on the faculty of the University of Texas Medical School, in Houston, and the Southwestern Medical School, in Dallas, he joined the faculty at Columbia University, where he is the Howard Smith Professor and chairman of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. He serves on the editorial review boards of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Laryngoscope, and Cancer.

Claes H. Dohlman
Boston, Massachusetts Dr. Dohlman's major contributions to medicine have been in the field of diseases, physiology, and biochemistry of the cornea and in experimental pathology of the cornea. He developed and was the director of the corneal service of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, at which many of the current experts in the field received their training. The recipient of numerous awards, including the Friedenwald, Bjerrum, and Proctor lectureships, he is currently adjunct senior scientist at the Eye Research Institute, in Weston, Massachusetts.

Ari Gafni
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. Gafni has made major contributions to the understanding of aging. He not only has studied protein changes in the elderly and the comparison of proteins in old and young cells, but also he and his colleagues developed many of the specialized spectroscopic techniques used in these studies. Currently a professor in the Department of Biological Chemistry at the University of Michigan, he has held a U.S. State Department training fellowship and the Glasberg Career Development Chair in Physical Biochemistry. Recipient of the Kellogg Presidential Initiative Award, he also is a fellow of the Gerontological Society of America.

Andre Goffeau
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Dr. Goffeau has had a very productive career, highlighted by a number of important discoveries and accomplishments in the field of genetics. Among his often pioneering work, he led the worldwide team that recently completed the entire sequence of the yeast genome. A major contributor to biotechnology programs in Europe and an organizer of several scientific conferences, he is a Professor Extraordinaire at the Universit E9 Catholique de Louvain in Belgium.

Jack B.L. Howell
Southampton, United Kingdom
Dr. Howell has made outstanding contributions leading to a greater understanding of the control of breathing in health and disease and the mechanism of breathlessness. His clinical work was dominated by the management of asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Currently, he is a professor emeritus of medicine at the University of Southampton, chairman of the Southampton and Southwest Hampshire Health Authority, and chairman of the Board of Science and Education of the British Medical Association.

Trevor Martin Penning
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Dr. Penning's research on the enzymology of steroid hormones has made him one of the premier investigators in the world in understanding the mechanism, structure, and specificity of the family of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. He has not only achieved scientific distinction as a world leader in the field of steroid biochemistry but also commands the respect of his colleagues as an excellent teacher and administrator. A professor of pharmacology, obstetrics and gynecology, and biochemistry and biophysics, he is the associate dean for postdoctoral research training at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

Bertram Pitt
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. Pitt has spent his career investigating coronary circulation. With colleagues, he developed many methods that utilized radioactive substances for such studies, pioneering the application of the thallium scan for identification of ischemic areas in the myocardium. As professor of medicine and director of cardiology at the University of Michigan, he developed a strong research and training program. His accomplishments have been honored by membership in the American Physiological Society, the American Society of Clinical Investigation, and the Association of American Physicians.

Christine E. Seidman
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. Seidman has made major contributions to the molecular approaches to understanding cardiac pathophysiology and the genetic approaches to understanding inherited human disorders. Work in her lab established the first genetic abnormality to explain hereditary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A professor of medicine at the Harvard Medical School, she was elected to Alpha Omega Alpha and received the American Heart Association Clinician Scientist and Established Investigatorship awards.

Klaus V. Toyka
Wurzburg, Germany
The seminal research that Dr. Toyka carried out while a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins, has shaped his career investigating the immunological basis of neurological disorders, including peripheral neuropathies, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory myopathies. Recently involved in studies of genetically determined disorders, he brought the "Hopkins model" of research and clinical care to Germany when he assumed the chair of the Department of Neurology at the University of Wurzburg in Germany.

David C. U'Prichard
King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
Dr. U'Prichard's career has focused on pharmacology. He served as the senior vice president and scientific director for Nova Pharmaceuticals Corporation before being recruited by British Zeneca Group PLC, where he became the international research director in 1994. In 1997, he became president of research and development at SmithKline Beecham. In this position, he is responsible for the daily operations of the company's laboratories and nearly 5,000 preclinical development activities worldwide. He serves as an honorary professor at Glasgow University Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences and holds adjunct teaching posts at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Northwestern University School of Medicine.

1997

Po-Ya Chang
Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
Dr. Chang was among the first to recognize the public health problems emerging in Taiwan due to rapid socioeconomic and demographic change. She initiated research in occupational health, focusing on workers' exposure to lead and has been a pioneer advocate for women's health. She has served as mayor of Chiayi City, population 300,000, and in 1990 was appointed to her present position as director-general of the newly created National Department of Health for Taiwan.

Mahlon R. DeLong
Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. DeLong's research in neurology has changed the way we think about and treat two major illnesses: Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's. He was among the team that recognized the depletion of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis in Alzheimer's patients and has led the profession to reconsider how the basal ganglia function in relation to the brain stem. A clinician-investigator par excellence, he is currently professor and chairman of Neurology at Emory University School of Medicine.

James K. Edzwald
Amherst, Massachusetts
Dr. Edzwald's research and teaching in environmental engineering, particularly in the area of water supply and water quality, have earned him wide recognition. Currently professor and head of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Massachusetts, he has held positions at several universities, including Johns Hopkins, during his distinguished career. His work has garnered him professional prizes, as well as many consulting assignments; he recently served on an EPA panel concerning the New York City water supply.

Timothy S. Harrison
Hershey, Pennsylvania
A skilled surgeon and researcher, Dr. Harrison has made internationally recognized contributions in the field of endocrine surgery and has expanded our understanding of endocrine function, dysfunction, and neoplasms. He completed his residency in the Department of Surgery at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 1956; after a distinguished career as both physician and mentor, he is now professor emeritus of surgery and physiology at the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center of the Pennsylvania State University.

David McKinnon Lawrence
Oakland, California
A graduate of the General Preventive Medicine Residency Program at the School of Hygiene and Public Health, Dr. Lawrence has developed innovative health-care delivery systems to meet the challenges of large populations. He was one of the first to advocate the use of physicians' assistants and is committed to preventive care. As chairman and chief executive officer, he has led the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan to consistently high- quality assurance evaluations.

Allen Sollie Lichter
Ann Arbor, Michigan
During his tenure as chairman, Dr. Lichter has led the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of Michigan Medical School to become one of the premier departments in the country. He developed clinical trials to improve breast cancer treatment and has pioneered the use of three-dimensional methods for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Last year the New England Journal of Medicine honored his achievements by inviting him to author the journal's "Medical Progress" monograph on "Recent Advances in Radiation Oncology."

Gianni Marone
Naples, Italy
Dr. Marone is an internationally renowned figure in the world of clinical immunology and allergy and the recognized leader of the discipline in Italy. As a professor of medicine and the director of the Section of Clinical Immunology and Allergy at the University of Naples Federico II, he has trained a generation of young investigators in the field. Worldwide understanding of the pathogenesis of allergic disease has been enriched by his outstanding research and publications. Currently president of the Italian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, he has served as consultant to the Ministry of Health in Rome and to the World Health Organization. He also has received numerous awards from the Italian government and European medical societies.

Lechaim Naggan
Beer Sheva, Israel
Dr. Naggan combines the talents of researcher and administrator. A physician epidemiologist, he has investigated clinical problems such as congenital malformation and viral hepatitis, but he has also studied health services, successfully evaluating, for example, the health needs of Bedouins, a group unaccustomed to Western models of health care. He has served as Israeli deputy surgeon general, and is currently vice president and dean for research and development at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.

Jennifer R. Niebyl
Iowa City, Iowa
Dr. Niebyl's commitment to research, education, and clinical practice in obstetrics and gynecology is reflected in the variety of her accomplishments. Currently professor and head of medicine in that department at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, she also co-edits two professional journals. In the classroom she appears not only as a fine teacher, but also as co-editor of a widely used obstetrics textbook. Her research continues to generate new articles and book chapters. She is a respected leader in obstetrics and gynecology today. Shin-Ichiro Nishimura Sapporo, Japan Dr. Nishimura's work in polymer chemistry and glyco- biology holds promise for new treatments of diseases such as influenza and AIDS; the work has produced a flurry of publications-more than 100 in nine years-and remarkable professional recognition. Since taking his Ph.D. in 1987, he has risen to become professor and director of the Division of Biological Science in the graduate school at Hokkaido University, as well as an editor of scientific journals and a member of the advisory boards of several scientific associations.

Robert G. Robinson
Iowa City, Iowa
By identifying the depressive disorder associated with stroke, Dr. Robinson has made a crucial contribution not only to neurology and psychiatry, but also to the treatment and rehabilitation of patients who suffer from stroke. His work has also helped us understand the cerebral mechanism behind affective disorder and its role in the depression and mania symptomatic of that disorder. These contributions have made Dr. Robinson a leader in American psychiatry.

Kenji Sunagawa
Osaka, Japan
From the time Dr. Sunagawa began his postdoctoral work at the School of Medicine in 1978, he has been breaking new ground in cardiovascular research. Beginning with work he did here, which helped define the dynamic relationship between the left ventricle and its artery, he and his research team have recently developed crucial insights into cardiovascular control systems. A book he co-authored has become the standard reference for understanding the pressure-volume approach to ventricular function.

Noriko Takahashi
Handa-City, Japan
Dr. Takahashi has made two important contributions in the field of glycobiology, both of which help scientists analyze the structure of carbohydrates in glycoconjugates. She discovered glycoamidase, an enzyme which has become an indispensable tool for studying glycoproteins, and she developed new chromatic methods for carbohydrate analysis. Dr. Takahashi is also distinguished in the history of Japan: she was the first woman graduate of Nagoya University (1951) and the first woman in Japan to obtain an engineering degree.

John E. Wennberg
Hanover, New Hampshire
In studying the way physicians work, Dr. Wennberg invented the concept of "small area variation," which demonstrated for the first time, and in a scientifically rigorous way, that equally capable physicians in adjacent geographic areas practice medicine very differently. He developed the analytical methods needed to form the core of a new field: practice variation. Studies in this field point the way toward better clinical guidance for physicians and more consistent communication with patients about treatment options.

Anne B. Young
Boston, Massachusetts
From the molecule to the clinic, Dr. Young has taken up major questions in the field of neurology. She produced a body of research which elucidates the role of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in brain function, and has been a key clinical investigator of Huntington's disease, helping identify the genetic abnormality that appears to cause it. At Harvard, Dr. Young is considered an extraordinary chair of neurology, having guided both research and clinical activities to new levels of achievement.

1996

Dr. Hugh F. Biller
New York, New York
Dr. Biller is internationally known as a leader in head and neck surgery. He pioneered and developed surgical procedures focused on the preservation of vocal function while successfully treating malignant disease involving the larynx. He served as chairman of the Department of Otolaryn- gology at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City until 1995. He is past president of the American Society for Head and Neck Surgery.

Dr. Peter G.J. Burney
London, England
Dr. Burney's position as chairman of the Respiratory Disease Committee of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease places him in the front ranks of epidemiologists worldwide. He has played a major role in the education of public health physicians and is a widely acknowledged expert and leader in the fight against chronic respiratory diseases. Dr. Burney has served on many national and international working groups, committees, and councils dealing with asthma and related diseases. He is also chair of the Department of Public Health Medicine at United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St. Thomas Hospitals in London.

Dr. Roberto Casalbuoni
Fllorence, Italy
Dr. Casalbuoni is a leading researcher in the study of subatomic particles. He is chair of the Department of Physics at the University of Florence in Italy and has been published on a wide variety of topics related to the physics of elementary particles. Under his leadership, he and other theoretical physicists in Florence have developed a method of searching for new physical phenomena by analyzing data obtained when electrons and positrons collide at high energy levels.

Dr. C. Richard Conti
Gainesville, Florida
A leader in academic cardiology, Dr. Conti is a graduate of Johns Hopkins Medical School, the Osler Residency Program, and a Division of Cardiology fellow. He has had a distinguished career in research and training as director of cardiology at the University of Florida School of Medicine. His national status as a trailblazer in cardiology was recognized by his election to president of the American College of Cardiology in 1988.

Harold Gerard Donnelly
West Lafayette, Indiana
Dr. Donnelly is one of the world's pioneers in the basic linear equations associated with a Riemannian manifold, the heat equation and the wave equation. These equations have been studied for well over a century by physicists, engineers, and mathematicians looking for answers in acoustics, diffusion of heat, and the spectral analysis of light from a star. Dr. Donnelly has made breakthroughs in the analysis of the eigen- functions, introducing entirely new thoughts in the subject.

Dr. Thomas P. Duffy
New Haven, Connecticut
Dr. Duffy is one of the nation's leading academic hematologists and a renowned practitioner of the Oslerian school of patient-centered clinical care, teaching, and scholarship. His teaching and written scholarship have focused on the ways that doctors can learn directly from the patient to gain the insight needed both to understand the patient's problems and to offer the most appropriate intervention. This patient- centered approach has also led Dr. Duffy to write works that have enlightened the medical community's thinking about the many ethical issues that arise in the care of patients. Dr. Duffy has inspired a generation of students, house officers, and fellows to aspire to the highest ideals of the medical profession.

Dr. Linda S. Gottfredson
Newark, Delaware
Dr. Gottfredson, a professor of the Department of Educational Studies at the University of Delaware, is nationally known for her penetrating researches on vocational choice, the measurement of individual differences, and the bases of occupational stratification. Her 1981 treatise, "Circumscription and Compromise: A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations," became an instant classic and stimulus for new research for the light it shed on how and why individuals enter the careers they do.

Dr. Lazar J. Greenfield
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. Greenfield, chair of the Department of Surgery at University of Michigan, is clearly one of the leaders in American surgery. He was one of the last young cardiovascular surgeons trained at Hopkins by the famous Dr. Alfred Blalock. He has made many significant contributions in the field of cardiovascular surgery, perhaps most notably the development of the Greenfield vena caval filter. Prior to his position at Michigan, he was chairman of the Department of Surgery at the Medical College of Virginia for 13 years.

Dr. William H. Hartmann
Tampa, Florida
Dr. Hartmann is internationally recognized for his academic contributions in research, education, and service in pathology. As editor-in-chief of the Atlas of Tumor Pathology from 1975 to 1987, he established this series of volumes as the primary reference source throughout the world for the classification of tumors. Moreover, his own research, especially in thyroid and breast cancer, has had significant impact in the characterization of these tumors. As chair of pathology at Vander-bilt University from 1973 to 1987, he established his department as one of the leaders in the United States. He has served as executive vice president of the American Board of Pathology.

Dr. Fazle Hussain
Houston, Texas
Dr. Hussain is one of the world's leading experts in experimental fluid mechanics. He is particularly known for his extensive research and contributions in turbulent shear flows, jets, vortex dynamics, and related experimental methods. He has served as editor of several prominent journals and is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineering and the American Physical Society.

Dr. Kim Mo-Im
Seoul, Korea
Dr. Kim is the recipient of numerous national and international awards for her contributions to the field of nursing. She was elected to the Korean National Assembly from 1981 to 1985 and was instrumental in formulating legislation that enhanced the education and participation of nurses in health care in Korea. Internationally, Dr. Kim has served with the World Health Organization as a member of expert panels and advisory groups on nursing. Since 1994, she has been secretary-general of the Global Network of WHO Collaborating Centers for International Nursing and Midwifery Development.

Dr. Alexander H. Leighton
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Dr. Leighton is a pre-eminent American psychiatric epidemiologist and is internationally known for documenting community aspects of psychiatry. He initiated pioneering community studies in North America aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of mental illness in a normal population. His work led to numerous outstanding publications, including 15 books.

Dr. George L. Nemhauser
Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. Nemhauser is world-renowned in the field of mathematical operations research, particularly in the theory, advanced computational development, and applications of optimization. He served as president of the Mathematical Programming Society and the Operations Research Society of America. He has published widely in such diverse areas as antenna design, line balancing, capital budgeting, train scheduling, political dis-tricting, plant location and production planning.

Dr. David B. Thomas
Seattle, Washington
Dr. Thomas is a distinguished cancer epidemiologist and head of one of the leading programs in cancer epidemiology in the world. His research has focused on the risks of hormones and breast cancer, an issue of international importance because of the widespread use of hormones in oral contraceptives and for post-menopausal replacement therapy. Dr. Thomas has made broad contributions to our understanding of the causes of cancer in his role as director of the Cancer Surveillance System of western Washington, an innovative cancer registry that has been used for research and public health monitoring.

Dr. Lawrence L. Weed
Underhill, Vermont
Dr. Weed is known throughout the world as the originator of the problem-oriented medical record. His system has revolutionized the way medical information is recorded, stored, and transmitted, and has provided the foundation for the computerized medical record. His experience has spanned the spectrum from basic biomedical science at Yale to medical education in a community hospital in Bangor, Maine. He is currently professor emeritus at the University of Vermont, where he has been since 1964.

1995

Dr. Gabriel Alvarez
Madrid, Spain
Dr. Alvarez, professor in the Department of Theoretical Physics at the Universidad Complutense, is one of the brightest young scientists in Spain. In addition to contributions in quantum chemistry, mathematical physics and electron paramagnetic resonance, he has established a reputation in computer programming with his work on optical character recognition and the Spanish implementation of the NeXT operating system.

Dr. Frank C. Arnett, Jr.
Houston, Texas
Dr. Arnett is internationally recognized as a leader in the field of immunogenetics. His research of autoantibody responses in various rheumatic diseases has played a significant role in identifying immune response alleles in human chromosomes. Dr. Arnett is director of the Division of Rheumatology and a professor of internal medicine at the University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center.

Dr. Subhash Chandra Basu
Notre Dame, Indiana
Dr. Basu has pioneered study of the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates called gangliosides. These compounds accumulate in large quantity in certain diseases, such as Tay-Sachs', and are also involved in intercellular communication. The pathway of synthesis of the gangliosides, developed largely by Dr. Basu, is of major interest to researchers. He is chairman of the Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology Program and a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of Notre Dame.

Dr. Nicolaie D. Cristescu
Gainesville, Florida
Dr. Cristescu is a leading researcher in the fields of dynamic plasticity, rock mechanics, and metal forming. His 1967 book, Dynamic Plasticity, based on extensive theoretical analyses, helped established his international reputation. Dr. Cristescu served as president of the University of Bucharest from 1990 to 1992, and is a graduate research professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mechanics, and Engineering Science at the University of Florida.

Dr. Robert H. Fletcher
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. Fletcher, professor of ambulatory care and prevention at the Harvard Medical School and Harvard Community Health Plan, is internationally recognized for his contributions to primary care. From 1990 to 1993, he served as editor of the Annals of Internal Medicine, shaping the editorial policy during a time of rapid changes in medicine and primary care. Dr. Fletcher is the former president of the Society of General Internal Medicine.

Dr. Ruth Gallily
Jerusalem, Israel
Dr. Gallily, professor of immunology at The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem and The Lauten-berg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, has extensively studied the role of macrophages, cells that help protect against infection. She developed an antimacrophage serum, which showed the critical role of macrophages in inflammation, transplantation immunity, and autoimmunity. Dr. Gallily documented the interaction of antibody and macrophage in promoting the toxicity and destructive nature of cells.

Dr. Mark Granovetter
Evanston, Illinois
Dr. Granovetter, an esteemed sociologist, has inspired fellow researchers with his scholarly work and compelling reasoning. His book, Getting a Job, is a classic in the field of social stratification, and his 1985 article, "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem on Embeddedness," reinvigorated economic sociology. Dr. Granovetter is director of the Program in Business Institutions within the Department of Sociology at Northwestern University.

Dr. Bevra H. Hahn
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Hahn-an outstanding researcher, clinician, and teacher-has made contributions to understanding the origins and development of a form of the skin disease lupus and to improving the treatment of patients with rheumatic diseases. She is chief of the Division of Rheumatology and a professor of medicine in the Department of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine.

Dr. Peter S. Harper
Cardiff, Wales
Dr. Harper is a renowned researcher of myotonic dystrophy, Huntington's chorea, and other hereditary neuromuscular diseases. He has applied the science of genetics to the delivery of effective and compassionate health care for birth defects and hereditary disorders. Dr. Harper is professor of medical genetics at the University of Wales College of Medicine, and consultant physician and medical geneticist at the University Hospital of Wales.

Dr. Charles R. Hatcher, Jr.
Atlanta, Georgia
Dr. Hatcher has had a distinguished career at Emory University. He established and developed the nationally renowned open heart surgery program at the Emory University School of Medicine, serving as professor of surgery and chief of cardiothoracic surgery. In 1976, he became the director of the Emory Clinic, and since 1984 has been the vice president for health affairs and the director of the Robert W. Woodruff Health Sciences Center.

Dr. Harrison Latta
Los Angeles, California
Dr. Latta is internationally recognized as a pathologist and academician. He is an authority on the kidney and a pioneer investigator of the structure of a small, intertwined mass of capillaries called glomerulus. His interest in electron microscopy led to the discovery of the glass knife technique for cutting ultrathin sections, a major contribution in the field. Dr. Latta is professor emeritus of pathology at the University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine.

Dr. Marie Clare McCormick
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. McCormick is an acclaimed researcher and policy analyst in maternal and child health services. Her interests are epidemiology of infant mortality and low birth weight, measurement of and factors associated with child health status, and evaluation of maternal and child health services. Dr. McCormick is professor and chair of the Department of Maternal and Child Health at the Harvard School of Public Health and professor of pediatrics at the Harvard Medical School.

Dr. Abraham M.Y. Nomura
Honolulu, Hawaii
Dr. Nomura, a researcher in cancer epidemiology, has focused on the relationship of diet and cancer, and on related methodological issues. He has studied the interaction of genetic factors and behavioral lifestyle patterns that Hawaii represents in its admixture of races and people. Dr. Nomura, director of the Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study at Kuakini Medical Center, is associate editor of the American Journal of Epidemiology and Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

Dr. Stephen J. Peroutka
Menlo Park, California
Dr. Peroutka, a molecular neuroscientist and neurologist, has made significant contributions with direct clinical impact. He was the first researcher to clarify the subtypes of receptors for the neurotransmitter serotonin, explaining the actions of anti-migraine and anti-nausea drugs. He is president and founder of Spectra Biomedical Inc., where genomic techniques are used to identify the causes and treatment of headache and psychiatric diseases.

Dr. Eijiro Satoyoshi
Tokyo, Japan
Dr. Satoyoshi is a distinguished clinician and investigator in the field of neurology. He conceived, developed and directed the Japanese National Institute of Neurosciences, which has been consolidated as the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry. As president emeritus of this government institute, he continues to be involved in world-class research in a variety of areas of neuroscience.

1994

Dr. Hideyasu Aoyama
Okayama City, Japan
Dr. Aoyama is a pioneer in the field of occupational health and safety in Japan. He is chairman of the Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine at the Okayama University Medical School, the largest department of hygiene in Japan. Dr. Aoyama set up a fellowship training program for foreign physicians to train in Japan, and has been instrumental in developing the foundation for the first schools of public health in Japan.

Dr. William J. Catalona
St. Louis, Missouri
Dr. Catalona is a surgeon and one of the most respected urologic oncologists in the nation. He revolutionized the management of prostate cancer, making major contributions on the use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) for diagnosis. Before his findings were published, it was widely believed that PSA lacked sufficient specificity for this purpose.

Dr. Joseph T. Coyle
Belmont, Massachusetts
Dr. Coyle became a world leader in psychopharmacology while on the faculty of Hopkins, where he was chief of Child Psychiatry. He left Hopkins to become the first head of the Consolidated Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. He eventually made many contributions to the understanding of the mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease.

Dr. Ugo Fisch
Zurich, Switzerland
Dr. Fisch is a world-renowned neuro-otologist and skull base surgeon who has made numerous contributions to the basic science and clinical practice of otology. His refinements of certain surgical approaches became universally used.

Dr. Juan Martin Flavier
Manila, Philippines
Dr. Flavier, secretary of health for the Philippines, has worked to improve the health and welfare of millions of Filipinos living in rural areas. Through his immunization program, more than 1.5 million children have been immunized, and 85 percent of Filipino children younger than 5 have been immunized against polio, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus.

Dr. Suzanne Wright Fletcher
Boston, Massachusetts
Dr. Fletcher, a professor of ambulatory care and prevention at Harvard Medical School, is a leading scholar in preventive medicine. She is former editor of the Annals of Internal Medicine, the premier journal in its field, and the Journal of General Internal Medicine. Dr. Fletcher was elected to the National Academy of Science's Institute of Medicine in 1987.

Dr. Judith G. Hall
Vancouver, British Columbia
Dr. Hall is chairwoman of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. She is a leader in the area of genetic syndromes and birth defects. Dr. Hall defined and named the disorder known as thrombocytopenia with absent radius, or TAR, in which children are born without the radius bone in the forearm. She has classified many forms of arthrogryposis, a type of birth defect resulting in stiff, unbendable joints in the arms and legs. Her work also has been instrumental in describing uniparental disomy, in which children inherit only the genes from one parent.

Dr. Timothy J. Hallman
Berkeley, California
Dr. Hallman is a leading physicist studying the properties of nuclear matter at very high densities. He developed an apparatus to find electron-positron pairs emitted from collisions of very heavy nuclei. His work was a forerunner of studies at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Dr. Guillermina Jasso
New York, New York
Dr. Jasso has had a distinguished career as a special assistant to the director of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. Subsequently, she became research director of the U.S. Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy. She is a specialist in mathematical sociology and in theories of distributive justice.

Dr. Willis C. Maddrey
Dallas, Texas
Dr. Maddrey, whose research interest is in various areas of liver disease, has made significant contributions related to chronic hepatitis and alcohol-induced liver disease. He has been honored for excellence in teaching and has served as president of the American College of Physicians. He was one of the founders of the American Liver Foundation and recently was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in London.

Dr. Dinakar Ramakrishnan
Pasadena, California
Dr. Ramakrishnan, a professor of mathematics at the California Institute of Technology, has made contributions to the general theory of Zeta functions. Of particular importance is his work on the zeta functions associated with modular surfaces and linear groups of symmetrics. He was appointed full professor eight years after he earned his Ph.D.

Dr. Felix Noah Rutledge*
Houston, Texas
Dr. Rutledge, a professor of gynecologic oncology at the University of Texas, was among the first to use culdoscopy as a gynecologic diagnostic tool and to recognize the pathologic features of atypical endometrial hyperplasia, which has subsequently been found to be a precursor of endometrial cancer.

Dr. John Anton Waldhausen
Hershey, Pennsylvania
Dr. Waldhausen has played a critical role in the development and growth of the Pennsylvania State University's Medical Center in Hershey. He has been chairman of the College of Medicine's Surgery Department since 1970 and has practiced cardiac surgery, with a special interest in pediatric cardiac surgery.

Dr. James Watt*
Dr. Watt was a retired assistant surgeon general for the U.S. Public Health Service. He founded the American Board of Preventive Medicine and served as chairman of the World Health Organization's executive committee. His research focused on tropical and infectious diseases. He encouraged international efforts to eradicate smallpox and control cholera.

1993

Dr. Romesh C. Batra
Rolla, Missouri
Dr. Batra's research has embraced the areas of fluid mechanics, elasticity, viscoelasticity, penetration mechanics, and adiabatic shear banding. For six consecutive years, he was honored by the University of Missouri with a Faculty Excellence Award in recognition of his superior performance in research, teaching, and service.

Dr. Myron F. Goodman
Los Angeles, California A recognized authority
on the biochemical basis of mutations, Dr. Goodman has developed a unique research program that has yielded original insights into the natural causes of errors in DNA replication. His models of error correction and prevention have provided a theoretical basis for an understanding of the molecular basis of genetic disease.

Dr. Morley D. Hollenberg
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
A leading figure in the field of peptide hormone research, Dr. Hollenberg's innovative and critical investigations of epidermal growth factor (urogastrone) and insulin have significantly advanced understanding of hormone- receptor interactions.

Dr. Edward Watson Hook
Charlottesville, Virginia
Dr. Hook's studies of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of bacterial infections have advanced knowledge of the clinical manifestations of endocarditis and the mechanisms by which salmonella develop antibiotic resistance. His tenure as director of the Department of Medicine at the University of Virginia is among the longest on record in the United States.

Dr. Thomas S. Inui
Boston, Massachusetts
A leading example of the academic physician-scholar, Dr. Inui has been devoted to the application of the principles of community medicine in his everyday clinical and scholarly work. Among the issues with which he has been most concerned are the effectiveness of health services, patient-physician communication, and preventive care in clinical practice.

Dr. Martin Hume Johnson
Cambridge, England
An outstanding teacher, writer, and experimentalist, Dr. Johnson has made major contributions to the understanding of early mammalian development, including that of humans. His research approach to a rational study of early human development had important practical consequences for in vitro fertilization.

Dr. Baruch A. Kipnis
Haifa, Israel
Combining theoretical studies of land use and metropolitan development with studies of rural settlement and industrial concentration, Dr. Kipnis has made major contributions to research on spatial aspects of human settlements. He is founder and head of the Haifa and Galilee Research Institute, which is conducting research on geographic aspects of northern Israel and adjacent regions.

Dr. Edward R. Laws, Jr.
Charlottesville, Virginia
An expert in the management of pituitary tumors and gliomas, Dr. Laws' research has contributed significantly in the areas of neurooncology, histochemistry, cytochemistry, and experimental biology of brain tumors.

Dr. Gavril W. Pasternak
New York, New York
As one of the leading opiate basic researchers in the country, Dr. Pasternak's contributions have involved differentiating subtypes of opiate receptors that are differentially affected by drugs, leading to identification of agents that can provide analgesia with a lower incidence of side effects.

Dr. Timothy J. Pedley
Leeds, England
A leading authority in physiological fluid mechanics, Dr. Pedley has made numerous contributions to the dynamics of unsteady blood flow by bringing analytical and numerical techniques in fluid mechanics to bear on various physiological processes. His work has clarified many aspects of blood flow separation, instability and bifurcation.

Dr. Bernard Robaire
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
With research interests spanning basic studies of reproductive toxicology and fertility regulation, Dr. Robaire has made significant discoveries in the areas of regulation of the structure and function of the mammalian epididymis, the effects of toxic agents on fertility, and the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary- testicular axis in mammals.

Dr. Robert J. Ruben
New York, New York A pioneer in the f
ield of research on the development of the auditory system, Dr. Ruben is noted for ground-breaking studies on the organ culture of the mammalian inner ear and for important clinical contributions to the understanding of human communication as it relates to both hearing and speech.

Dr. George A. Silver
New Haven, Connecticut
As a leading figure in maternal and child health in the United States, Dr. Silver has served at virtually all levels of the health care system. He has been the source of provocative and stimulating ideas, questioning the basic tenets of the health care delivery system and providing innovative suggestions for new forms of organization and finance.

Dr. Jean Starobinski
Geneva, Switzerland
One of the most prominent scholars in the field of French studies, Dr. Starobinski's books and essays on the literature and intellectual history of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries have earned him great stature and influence in the fields of French studies, literary criticism, and psychoanalytic criticism.

Dr. Thomas Earl Starzl
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
A pre-eminent clinician-scientist, Dr. Starzl has made major contributions in kidney transplantation and was a pioneer in liver transplantation. He was also a pioneer in cluster transplants, the transplanting of several organs simultaneously into a patient.

Dr. Juzer M. Vasi
Bombay, India
An internationally recognized expert in the growth of silicon dioxide and in concomitant defect states that limit or determine device performance, Dr. Vasi has made major contributions to the field of microelectronics, including an understanding of electric breakdown of submicron thin films and solution of major problems in the breakdown and instability of insulators.

1992

Dr. Marvin B. Becker
Ann Arbor, Michigan
A distinguished historian, Dr. Becker has made outstanding contributions to Italian Renaissance history and, through the application of anthropological insights and methods, to the theory and methodology of history in general. In his seminal volumes entitled Florence in Transition, he depicted broad economic, social, and political structures and processes in early Renaissance Florence.

Dr. Anthony J. Bron
Oxford, England
Dr. Bron is an acknowledged world expert on corneal dystrophies and infections, cataract morphogenesis and pathogenesis, and other ocular diseases. He is only the second full professor of ophthalmology in Oxford University's long history. His work was recently recognized by a prize from the Alcon Research Institute, one of the highest international honors in investigative ophthalmology.

Dr. Lincoln C. Chen
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Dr. Chen has published numerous papers on his work in Bangladesh with the Ford Foundation that have added fundamental knowledge about the epidemiology and control of diarrheal diseases and about the interrelationships among malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality. A worldwide search led to his appointment as the first Taro Takemi Professor of International Health at Harvard University.

Dr. Mary Allen Engle
New York, New York
Dr. Engle's research at Cornell University and New York Hospital has contributed richly to the field of pediatric cardiology, with special application to the selection of children for cardiac surgery and follow-up after surgery. She holds the Stavros S. Niarchos Professorship of Pediatric Cardiology at Cornell University Medical College. In 1991, she received the institution's Maurice R. Greenberg Distinguished Service Award.

Dr. Melvin H. Epstein
Providence, Rhode Island
While on the neurosurgical faculty at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Dr. Epstein carried out laboratory studies that have done much to increase the body of knowledge of the secretory process of human spinal fluid. His work delineating the second messenger of spinal fluid production in the choroid plexus is a classic paper in the field. He is now professor and chairman of neurosurgery at Brown University School of Medicine.

Dr. Thomas P. Fehlner
Notre Dame, Indiana
An internationally recognized authority on boron hydride chemistry, Dr. Fehl ner began his research in that field while he was a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins. He has lectured on the subject at universities across the world. In recent years, he has shifted his research emphasis to synthetic inorganic chemistry and continues his research as professor of chemistry at the University of Notre Dame.

Dr. John F. Foss
East Lansing, Michigan
Dr. Foss is a widely known experimentalist in fluid mechanics and has developed novel methods for the improvement of measurement of turbulent flows. He has also made major contributions to undergraduate mechanical engineering education and developed an excellent laboratory course in fluid dynamics at Michigan State University. His approach and specific exercises have been adopted by a number of other universities.

Dr. Stephen C. Joseph
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Dr. Joseph has a distinguished career as both a scholar and active investigator in the field of public health. Among other important contributions, his work has helped combat the AIDS epidemic in New York. He has served in numerous government posts, including that of deputy assistant administrator for the U.S. Agency for International Development. He is currently dean of the School of Public Health and a professor at the University of Minnesota.

Dr. James Roderick Jude
Miami, Florida
After training under Dr. Alfred Blalock, Dr. Jude continued the tradition of major advances in cardiovascular surgery and related areas, making especially important contributions to the development of closed chest cardiac massage and electrical defibrillation of the heart. In addition to a distinguished career in surgery, he is clinical professor of surgery at the University of Miami School of Medicine.

Dr. Otto F. Kernberg
White Plains, New York
An internationally recognized investigator and clinician in the field of psychiatry, Dr. Kernberg trained at Johns Hopkins with Dr. Jerome Frank and is currently associate chairman and medical director of New York Hospital Cornell Medical Center, Westchester Division. His work has earned him numerous awards, including, in 1990, the first Mary S. Sigourney Award for Distinguished Contributions in Psychoanalysis.

Dr. Kunio Okuda
Chiba, Japan
Dr. Okuda's interest in biochemistry was stimulated by work at Johns Hopkins on the physiological properties of vitamin B-12. His research resulted in several papers on the importance of this vitamin during pregnancy and on its interaction with factor present in gastric juices that is necessary for the absorption of the vitamin into the bloodstream. He is now professor emeritus at Chiba University Medical School.

Dr. Emmanuel T. Sarris
Xanthi, Greece
As a member of the European Science Foundation's Committee of Space Research, Dr. Sarris has played a leading role in planning the European space program. As professor of electrodynamics at the University of Thrace, he has greatly broadened the university's role in space science. He was recently appointed director of the Institute for Ionospheric and Space Physics at the Athens Observatory, the principal organization in Greece for space research.

Dr. Antonio Ramirez de Verger
Sevilla, Spain
Dr. de Verger's studies of classical authors have led to the publication of a number of outstanding scholarly works, including a critical edition of Ovid's Amores on which he began work while a visiting professor at Johns Hopkins. He has not only edited ancient authors, but also worked on late medieval texts that were of great importance for the voyages of discovery that ultimately led to the discovery of America.

Dr. Samuel S.C. Yen
La Jolla, California
An internationally known expert in neuroendocrinology, Dr. Yen is co-author of a text, Reproductive Endocrinology, which is considered a classic in its field and is now in its third edition. He is professor of reproductive medicine, director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, and holder of the W.R. Persons Chair in Reproductive Medicine at the University of California at San Diego.

1991

Dr. James C. Allen
Charleston, South Carolina
A distinguished clinician and investigator, Dr. Allen made seminal observations as a postdoctoral fellow that led to the finding of the GM allotypes on immunoglobulin heavy chains. Later, in collaboration with Dr. Michael Apicella, he demonstrated the immunopathogenesis of pleural effusions in tuberculosis.

Dr. Camilla Persson Benbow
Am